Elements and Periodicity Group (Gp) I Elements Group II Elements Group III Elements Aluminium and Beryllium Rel
Group Trends The Anomalous Nature of Nitrogen Occurance General Properties and Structures of the Elements Hydrides
ATOMIC THEORY AND NATURE OF ATOMS Chemistry studies the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter has been defined as anything that has weight and can occupy space. All materials are made up of matter. For centuries, philosopher, chemist and physicist tried to answer the question of what matter was made up of using a variety of experiments and observations. 1.1 THE EARLY IDEAS OF THE ATOM In 440BC a Greek philosopher named Democritus came up with a conceived idea that matter...
The elements are found in various state of matter and define the independent state of constituents of atoms, ions and simple substances and compounds. Isotopes with the same atomic number belong to the same elements. When elements are classified into groups according to the similarities of their properties as atoms or compounds the periodic table of the elements emerges.
CHAPTER1 ATOMIC THEORY AND NATURE OF ATOMS Chemistry studies the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter has been defined as anything that has weight and can occupy space. All materials are made up of matter. For centuries, philosopher, chemist and physicist tried to answer the question of what matter was made up of using a variety of experiments and observations. 1.1 THE EARLY IDEAS OF THE ATOM In 440BC a Greek philosopher named Democritus came up with a conceived idea...
Sources of Organic Compounds • The leading sources are i) Coal is formed from wood millions of years ago through the following coalification stages: wood peat lignite subbituminous coal bituminous coal anthracite coal ii) Petroleum (crude oil) and Natural gas – organic compounds can be obtained from petroleum (crude oil) which contains mainly saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. Solvent Extraction • Coal is extracted by digestion with solvents such as tetracloromethane,...
However large the group concerned one of its many possible arrangements can still be designated by this simple system. The prefix n is used to designate any alkaline group in which all carbons form a single continuous chain and in which the point of attachment is very end carbon.
Intrduction Atomic Theory of Matter Discovery of the Sub-Atomic Particles The Electron The Proton Rutherford Model of Atom The Neutron Atomic Number/ Mass Number/ Isotopes Emission Spectra The Bohr Atomic Model Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen Quantum Theory of Atomic Orbitals Shapes of Orbitals Electronic Confiuration of Atom The Periodic Table Description of the Periodic Table What is Ionization Energy Electron Affinity Electronegativity Electrovalent (ionic) Bonding The Chemical Bonds Structure...
UNIT : 11 CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
INTRODUCTION ALLOSTERIC REGULATION CASE OF ATCASE COVALENT MODIFICATION CASE OF GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE ISOZYMIC REGULATION PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVATION CASE OF TRYPSIN GENETIC CONTROL OPERON REPRESSION INDUCTION
Gas Gas Law Real Gas Postulate of Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
Disinfection Sterilization Chemical Disinfectant Alcohols Hypochlorites Chlorine Phenol Mechanism of Action Non ionizing radiations
Vapour pressure Boiling point Freezing point Osmotic pressure
Step 1. Determine the total number of valence electrons. Step 2. Write the bond skeleton - Placement of atoms relative to each other Step 3. Draw a single bond from each surrounding atom to the central atom, and subtract 2e− for each bond from the total to find the number of e− remaining Step 4. Distribute the remaining electrons in pairs so that each atom ends up with 8e− (or 2e− for H) Step 5. Change a lone pair to a bonding pair if you run out of electrons before making all atoms HAPPY
Quantum Numbers and Atomic Orbitals Writing Electron Configurations Properties of Monatomic Ions