Affirmative Action and Womens Participation in Politics of Gabiley Region in Somali Land

ABSTRACT

The study sought to determine the relationship between affirmative action and women’s participation in politics in the Gabiley Region of Somaliland. This study was guided by four objectives which consist of these objectives; to determine the demographic characteristics of the study respondents; to determine the level of affirmative action in Gabiley Region; to determine the extent of women’s participation in politics and to establish the relationship between affirmative action and women’s participation, in politics. Using a cross sectional survey design, data were collected from 381 respondent’; by the use of a structured questionnaire. The study found that affirmative action in the Gabiley Region was low; the level of women’s participation in politics in the Gabiley Region is low and that affirmative action has a significant positive influence on women’s participation in politics (r 0.741 p value0.05; β =0.741, p

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv

ABREVIATION AND ACRONYMS v

LIST OF TABLES ix

ABSTRACT x

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background to the study 1

1.1.1 Historical Perspective 1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective 3

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective 3

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective 4

1.2 Statement of the Problem 5

1.3 Purpose of the study 6

1.4 Specific Objectives of the study 6

1.6 Research questions 6

1.7 Null Hypotheses 6

1.8 Alternative Hypotheses 7

1.8 Scope of the study 7

1.8.1 Geographical scope 7

1.8.2 Theoretical scope 7

1.8.3 Content scope 7

1.8.4 Time scope 7

1.9 Significance of the study 8

1.8 Delinition of key terms 9

CHAPTER TWO 10

LITERATURE REVIEW 10

2.0 Introduction 10

2.1 Theoretical Review 10

2.2 Conceptual Framework 11

2.3. Affirmative Action 12

2.4 Women’s Participation in Politics 14

2.5 Relationship between affirmative action and women’s participation in politics 15

2.6 Existing Gaps in the Literature 18

CHAPTER THREE 19

METHODOLOGY 19

3.0 Introduction 19

3.1 Research Design 19

3.2 Research Population 19

3.3 Sample Size 20

3.4 Sampling technique and Procedure 20

3.5 Research Instrument 21

3.5.1 Questionnaire Survey 21

3.5.2 Interview Guides 21

3.6 Validity and Reliability of th Instrument 21

3.6.1 Validity 21

3.6.2 Reliability 22

3.7 Data Gathering Procedures 22

3.8 Data Analysis 23

3.9 Ethical consideration 23

3.10 Limitations to the Study 24

ChAPTER FOUR 25

DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTA FION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 25

4.0 INTRODUCTION 25

4.1 Demographic information 25

Affirmative action 26

CHAPTER FIVE 34

SUMMARY, CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 34

5.0 Introduction 34

5.1 Summary of Findings 34

5.3 Conclusions 39

5.4 Recommendations 40

5.5 Suggested areas for further research 41

REFERENCES 41

APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE WOMEN IN THE GABILEY

REGION OF SOMALILAND 45

APPENDIX IA: TRANSMITTAL LETTER 50

APPENDIX IB: TRANSMITTAL LETTER FOR RESPONDENTS 51

APPENDIX II: CLEARANCE FROM ETHICS COMMITTEE 52

APPENDIX III: INFORMED CONSENT 53

APPENDIX IV: RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 54

APPENDIX V: INTERVIEW GUIDE 57

APPENI)IX VI 58

MAP OF SOMALILAND 58

APPENDIX VII 59

AMIN’S TABLE FOR PRE DETERMINED SAMPLE SIZE 59

APPENDIX V1II: RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE 60