AN APPRAISAL OF THE CHILDREN RIGHTS LAWS VIS-A-VIS CHILD LABOUR IN JINJA DISTRICT.

TABLE OF CONTENT:

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... i

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................ ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................................... iii

LIST OF STATUTES ................................................................................................................................ iv

ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................. vi

TABLE OF CONTENT: ............................................................................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ xi

CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................................... 1

General Introduction . ........................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the problem ................................................................................................................ 1

1.1. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................................. 2

1.2 Purpose and the objectives of the study ...................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 General ....................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2.2 Specifically; ................................................................................................................................ 4

1.3 The research questions ............................................................................................................. 4

1.4 Scope of the study ........................................................................................................................... 4

1.5 Significance of the study ................................................................................................................. s

1.6. Definition of terms .......................................................................................................................... s

1.7 Literature Review ........................................................................................................................... 7

1.7.0. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 7

1.7.1. Psycho-socio needs ................................................................................................................. 7

1.7.2: Unearthed Grace-stories ........................................................................................................ 8

1.7.3 Comprehensive strategy for the new millennium ................................................................ 8

1.7.4 Child soldier global report ....................................................................................................... 9

1.7.5 UNICEF (2008) .......................................................................................................................... 9

1. 7.6 Children in domestic service ................................................................................................... 9

1.8: Methodology: ............................................................................................................................ 10

1.8.1 Research design ...................................................................................................................... 10

1.8.2. Personal interview ................................................................................................................. 10

1.8.3. Library research ..................................................................................................................... 10

1.8.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................................... 11

1.9 Chapterization ............................................................................................................................ 11

1.9.1 Chapter One ............................................................................................................................ 11

1.9.2 Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................ 11

1.9.3 Chapter Three ......................................................................................................................... 12

1.9.4 Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................ 12

1.9.5 Chapter Five ............................................................................................................................ 12

CHAPTER TW0 ....................................................................................................................................... 13

legal Policy and Institutional Frame Works Governing Child labour in Uganda ......... 13

2.1 National/domestic legal frame work ................................................................................ 13

2.1.1 The Constitution of Uganda 1995 ........................................................................................ 13

2.1.2 Children's Act ........................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.3 Employment Act 2006 ............................................................................................................ 13

2.1.4 The Prevention of Trafficking in Persons Act, No. 6, 2009 .............................................. 14

2.1.5 The Penal Code Act 120 (as amended in 2007) ............................................................... 14

2.1.6 Other laws ............................................................................................................................... 14

2.2 International legal framework ............................................................................................. 15

2.2 .. 1. ILO Convention 138 Minimum Age of Admission to Employment 1973 ....................... 15

2.2.2. ILO Convention 182 on Worst Forms of Child Labour......................................... .. .. 15

2.2.3. UN Convention on the Right of the Child 1989 ............................................................. 15

2.2.4. The UN coalition to stop the use of child soldiers; ........................................................... 16

2.3. Government Policies and Programmes ............................................................................... 16

2.3.1 National Program to Eliminate Child Labour ........................................................................... 16

2.3.2. The National Child Labour Policy 2006 .................................................................................. 17

2.3.3 Poverty Eradication Action Pic" (PEAP) .................................................................................. 17

2.3.4 OVC Policy and Strategic Framework ..................................................................................... 18

2.3.5 Universal Primary Education (UPE) and Universal Secondary Education (USE).. .. .... 19

2.3.6 A National Primary School Feeding Program ........................................................................ 19

2.3.7. Programme to Eliminate HIV/ AIDS ....................................................................................... 19

2.4.0 Institutional Implementation and Coordination Framework ................................... 20

2.4. Institutional frameworks . .................................................................................................... 20

2.4.1. Ministry of gender labour and social development. ......................................................... 20

2.4.2. Directorates (and Departments) within the GLSD ............................................................ 23

2.4.2. Directorate of Labour, Employment, Occupational Safety and Health .......................... 23

2.4.3 Ministry of Education and Sports .......................................................................................... 24

2.4.4 Local Governments/ Authorities ............................................................................................. 24

2.4.5 Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development .............................................. 25

2.4.6 Other Ministries ....................................................................................................................... 25

2.4.7 Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) .................................................................................... 25

2.5 Social Partners ........................................................................................................................... 25

2.5.1 Federation of Uganda Employers (FUE) .............................................................................. 25

2.5.2 Labour Unions ......................................................................................................................... 26

2.6 Civil Society and Faith-Based Organizations .............................................................................. 26

2.7 Academia and Research Institutions ........................................................................................... 27

2.8 Media Houses ................................................................................................................................. 2 7

2.9 Communities, Traditional and Cultural Leaders ......................................................................... 27

2.10 Children ......................................................................................................................................... 27

2.11. The Youths .................................................................................................................................. 27

2.12 Development Partners ................................................................................................................ 28

2.13. Coordination Mechanisms .................................................................................................. 28

2.13.1 National Coordination .......................................................................................................... 28

2.13.2 Local Level Coordination ..................................................................................................... 28

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................... 30

Forms and Causes of Child Labour ................................................................................................. 30

3.1 Forms of child labour ............................................................................................................... 30

3.1.1 Child soldiers ........................................................................................................................... 30

3.1.2 Child Slavery ............................................................................................................................ 32

3.1.3 Commercial Sexual Exploitation ........................................................................................... 32

3 .1.4 Domestic Child Servants ........................................................................................................ 33

3.1.5 Agricultural Plantations .......................................................................................................... 34

3.1.6 Street Children ........................................................................................................................ 34

3.1.7 Industrial Sector ..................................................................................................................... 35

3.1.8 Fishing ...................................................................................................................................... 35

3.2 Causes of Child Labour ............................................................................................................ 35

3.2.1 Poverty ..................................................................................................................................... 36

3.2.2 The Deadly HIV /AIDS Pandemic .......................................................................................... 37

3.2.3 Insecurity caused by the insurgency in some part of the country .................................. 38

3.2.4 Culture/traditions/attitude of adults and the community ................................................. 38

3.2.5 Food Scarcity and Harsh Weather ....................................................................................... 39

3.2.6 Peer Pressure and Bad or Poor Parenting Styles ............................................................... 39

3.2.7 Unbalanced Conditions and Gender Imbalances .............................................................. .40

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................................... 43

Findings and Data Presentation ...................................................................................................... 43

4.0 Effects of Child Labour ............................................................................................................ 43

4.1 Negative Effects ......................................................................................................................... 43

4.1.1 Health and Safety Hazards ................................................................................................... .44

4.1.2 Physical Work Hazards ........................................................................................................... 45

4.1.3 School Dropouts ...................................................................................................................... 46

4.1.4 Psychological Work Hazards .................................................................................................. 47

4.1.5 Moral Hazards ......................................................................................................................... 49

4.2 Positive Effects of Child Labour ........................................................................................... 49

CHAPTER FIVE ....................................................................................................................................... 52

Recommendation and Conclusions ................................................................................................ S2

REFERENCES: ......................................................................................................................................... 60

ABSTRACT 

This dissertation was based on the abuse of children's rights where children are subjected to cruel work and the inadequacy of legal instruments against child labour. The dissertation was a cross sectional duty under taken in the district of JINJA and a few other parts of the country, UGANDA. This dissertation managed to cover children who were mainly working in the urban areas as child domestic workers (CD. Ws), bar/restaurant attendants, sex-workers, strippers and many others taken to work at fishing or landing sites and agricultural plantations. The main objectives of this dissertation will be to assess why child labour has persisted for so long, to create more awareness to the government, parents, guardians, individuals and other agencies that there is an increasing number of child labour and needs to be checked, to identify the state and non-state interventions. This dissertation has also been able to examine the inadequacy of the legal instruments on child labour and the research indicates that between 25000- 30000 cflildren are working. The method used includes personal interview, library research and many others. In summary, this dissertation identified the major causes of child labour, some limited legal instruments and mostly the effects of child labour on the victim of child labour, and also the forms of child labour in Uganda.