AN OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

   
TITLE PAGE…………………..……………………………………………………………i

CERTIFICATION.. ii

DEDICATION.. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. iv

TABLE OF
CONTENTS. v

ABSTRACT. vi

CHAPTER ONE. 1

1.0        INTRODUCTION.. 1

1.1        THE HUMAN
PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV)1

1.2        CLASSIFICATION
OF HPV.. 2

1.3        EPIDEMIOLOGY OF
HPV.. 2

CHAPTER TWO.. 4

2.0        PATHOGENICITY
AND LIFE CYCLE OF HUMAN     
PAPILLOMAVIRUS. 4

2.1        HUMAN
PAPILLOMAVIRUS LIFE CYCLE. 5

2.2 LATENCY
PERIOD.. 6

2.3        MODES OF
TRANSMISSION.. 7

2.4        RISK FACTORS OF
HPV.. 7

2.5        SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS-RELATED PROBLEMS:8

2.6        DIAGNOSIS:
PAPANICOLAOU TEST OR PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR. 10

CHAPTER THREE. 12

3.0        TREATMENT. 12

3.1        MANAGEMENT. 12

3.2        PREVENTION.. 13

CHAPTER FOUR. 15

4.0        CONCLUSION.. 15

4.1        RECOMMENDATIONS. 15

REFERENCES. 17

ABSTRACT

The human papillomavirus, abbreviated HPV
represents a group of viruses that include more than 100 different strains
(serotypes). The most common oncogenic HPV genotypes are 16 and 18 causing
approximately 70% of all cervical cancers which is the most common cancer
affecting women in developing countries. Types 6 and 11 do not contribute to
the incidence of high grade dysplasia’s (precancerous lesions) or cervical
cancer but do cause laryngeal papillomas and most genital warts. HPV is highly
transmissible with peak incidence soon after the onset of sexual activity. A
vast majority of people do not know they contacted the virus until the symptoms
begin to manifest in the form of abnormal tissue changes or warts. In addition
to causing cervical cancer, the Human Papilloma Virus also leads to cancer of
the vulva, vagina and anus in women or cancer of the anus and penis in men.
Infection can be prevented by the use of vaccination as well as the use of
condoms. Treatment methods for patients with HPV include skin cream, laser,
surgery and cryosurgery. Human Papilloma virus causes a serious human infection
and efforts to prevent it should be intensified.