ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF Staphylococcus aureus IN CATTLE

ABSTRACT       

This work was done to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus among cattle in Owerri, Imo State. A total of twenty four (24) samples were collected which were cultured on appropriate bacteriological media. The Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Out of the 24 samples, 23 yielded Staphylococcus aureus of which all were obtain from nasal swab samples and sputum swabs. The antibiotic resistant pattern of the 23 Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained as follows; Pefloxacin antibiotics showed both 82% Sensitivity and 17% Resistivity, Centamycin antibiotics showed both 52% Sensitivity and 47% Resistivity, Ampiclox antibiotics showed both 17% Sensitivity and 82% Resistivity, Zinnacef antibiotics showed both  17% Sensitivity and 82% Resistivity, Amoxacillin antibiotics showed both 8.6% Sensitivity and 91% Resistivity, Rosephin antibiotics showed both 47% Sensitivity and 52% Resistivity, Ciprofloxacin antibiotics showed both 65% Sensitivity and 34% Resistivity, Streptomycin antibiotics showed both 56% Sensitivity and 43% Resistivity, Septrin antibiotics showed both 73% Sensitivity and 26% Resistivity, Erythromycin antibiotics showed both 86% Sensitivity and 13% Resistivity. It was observed that the isolates showed resistant to all the antibiotics which could be assumed to be new clones and are of epidemiological concern. Out of the 10 antibiotics used Erythromycin showed the highest degree of inhibition to the growth of Staphylococcus aureus isolated. In conclusion this work showed that there is relatively high prevalence rate of resistance to many classes of antibiotics warranting to continued surveillance and antimicrobial stewardship. Therefore effective antibiotic susceptibility test should be encouraged.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Title page                                                                                                   i

Certification                                                                                               ii

Declaration                                                                                                          iii

Dedication                                                                                                  iv

Acknowledgment                                                                                                v

Table of content                                                                                         vi-vii

List of table                                                                                                          viii-ix

Abstract                                                                                                     x

                                                                    

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     Background of the study                                                                            1

1.2     Project statement                                                                              4

1.3.1  Aim                                                                                                   4

1.3.2  Objective                                                                                           4

 

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1     Staphylococcus species                                                                      5

2.2     Virulent factors and pathogenesis                                                     11

2.3     Antibiotic resistance                                                                         12

2.4     Molecular mechanisms of resistance                                                 16

2.5     Effects of environmental stress on antibiotic resistance                    19

2.6     Test methods in detecting antimicrobial resistance                                     20

CHAPTER THREE 

MATERIALS AND METHOD

3.1     Area of study                                                                                    25

3.2     Sampling site                                                                                    25

3.3     Sample collection                                                                              25

3.4     Media used                                                                                        26

3.5     Reagents used                                                                                   26

3.6     Materials used                                                                                   26

3.7     Antibiotics used                                                                                28

3.8     Culturing of the isolates                                                                    28

3.9     Antimicrobial susceptibility testing                                                  29

 

CHAPTER FOUR

          RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

4.0     Results                                                                                              31

 

4.1     Discussion                                                                                        37

 

CHAPTER FIVE

          CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0     Conclusion                                                                                        39

5.1     Recommendation                                                                              40

 

          REFERENCES                                                                                41-46

 

 

 

 

TABLES

 

Table 1:      Scientific classification of Staphylococcus aureus                              5

Table 2:      The antibiotic/drug susceptibility test results

                   of the cattle samples                                                                31

Table 2.1:   The antibiotic/drug susceptibility test results

                   of the cattle samples                                                                32

Table 2.2:   The antibiotic/drug susceptibility test results

                   of the cattle samples                                                                33

Table 3:      Inhibition zone diameters of the antibiotics used

 on the culture isolates                                                             35

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FIGURES

 

Fig 1:          configuration of Staphylococcus aureus and microscopic

 view under stain                                                                               6

Fig 2:          colony characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus on culture plates    8

Fig 3: Species identification hierarchy                                                                 11

Fig 4:          Mechanism by which organisms exhibit resistance to antibiotics               16

Fig 5:          Culturing of the isolates                                                                    27

Fig 6:          Microscopic view of Staphylococcus aureus under stain                            29

Fig 7:          Disc diffusion method and view of antibiotics in the media with

visible inhibition zones in the media                                                 30

Fig 8:          The antibiotic/drug resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus

isolates from the cattle                                                                      34

Fig 9:          The inhibition zone pattern of the antibiotic used on the cattle

Isolates                                                                                              36