Assessment of Antibacterial, Phytochemical Properties and GCMS Profiling of Crude Polyalthia Longifolia Extract

Abstract

The purpose of this present study is to determine  the  antibacterial  potency  of  essential  oil  of Polyalthialongifolia,  to  determine  the  presence  of phytochemicals and structural determination  of bioactive component  from  the  leaf  portion using  GCMS

In  this present  study,  the  antibacterial  activity  from  the  essential oils of Polyalthialongifolia leaf and stem bark against seven bacteria  (gram-positive  and  gram-negative)  which  are Staphylococcus  aureus,  Bacillussubtilis,  Salmonellatyphi, Klebsiellapneumoniae,  Escherichia  coli,  Proteus  vulgaris and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa   known  to be pathogenic to human  causing  high  mortality  among  human.  This  study involved the extraction of essential oils from air-dried leaf and stem bark of Polyalthialongifolia using soxhlet method with  n-hexane  as  the  extracting  solvent.  Antibacterial activity was carried  out using agar well diffusion method. 

Both  plants  part  essential  oil  showed  high  antibacterial property.  The  sensitivity  test  revealed  that  Staphylococcus aureushas  the  highest  zone  of  inhibition  (18.0mm)  to Polyalthialongifolia  stem  bark  essential  oil  at  100mg/ml while the least zone of inhibition (3.0mm)was recorded for Escherichia  coli  at  100mg/ml  to  the  essential  oil  of Polyalthialongifolialeaf.However,  phytochemical  analysis of the plants revealed the presence of bioactive components such  as  cardiac  glycoside,  steroid,  anthraquinone, flavonoid,  phenol,  alkaloid  and  reducing  sugars.  The presence of these components enhances the effectiveness of plants essential oil in treating various diseases and helps to act as an effective antimicrobial agent. The essential oil of Polyalthialongifolialeaf  was  further  analyzed  by  gas chromatography–mass  spectroscopy  (GC–MS),  the  main constituents were 6-octadecenoic acid (30.75%), Diisooctyl phthalate  (3.87%)  1,1,6-trimethyl-3-methylene  (17%).  The various  phytochemical  and  GC-MS  components  found  in this  plant  were  responsible  by  and  large  for  the antibacterial  activitiesexhibited  the  essential  oil  of  Polyalthialongifolia leaf and stem bark in this study. 

Keywords— Polyalthialongifolia,Essential  oils, Antibacterial and Phytochemical activity.