ABSTRACT This study was to determine the degree of effectiveness of behavior reinforcement and learning capabilities of the mentally retarded learners in trans-Nzoia East District Kenya. The instruments used for collection was questionnaire used to establish the following: demographic characteristics of both pupils and teachers’ behavior reinforcement used by teachers in teaching mentally retarded learners in the level of learning capabilities of the mentally retarded learners and significant relationship between the degree of reinforcement and level of learning capabilities of the mentally retarded learners. The findings of the study indicated the following; most of the learners with mental retardation were male first born or last born in the family. Higher numbers of teachers handling mental retardation learners were female. Teachers commonly use the following reinforcement; contingency contracting, token economies, performed instructions, paired associations and environmental enhancement. Discovered that learning capabilities enhanced through; education programming, precision teaching and concept analysis. It was concluded that these learners learn better through reinforcement. Without reinforcement the mentally retarded learners can hardly grasp concepts from the teacher. Also reinforcement change poor behavior into good behaviour through behavior modification. It was recommended that more teachers especially male to posted in special schools. Also enough teachers to be posted in schools with units. Lastly the government to provide more physical facilities, learning and teaching aids.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION A
DECLARATION B ii
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
ACRONYMS v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
ABSTRACT x
CHAPTERS PAGE
ONE THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 3
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4
NULL HYPOTHESIS 4
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS 5
TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 7
CONCEPTS, OPINION, IDEAS FROM AUTHORS 7
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE 13
RELATED STUDIES 14
vi
THREE METHODOLOGY 20
RESEARCH DESIGN 20
TARGET POPULATION 20
SAMPLE SIZE 20
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS 21
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES 22
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION 23
DATA ANALYSIS 23
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 24
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 25
FOUR PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERRPRETATION OF
DATA 26
PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS 26
THE LEVEL OF BEHAVIOR REINFORCEMENT USED BY TEACHERS IN
TEACHING MENTALLY RETARDED LEARNERS 27
THE LEVEL OF LEARNING CAPABILITIES OF MENTALLY RETARDED
LEARNERS IN TRANS-NZOIA EAST DISTRICT. 31
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BEHAVIOUR REINFORCEMENT AND LEARNING
CAPABILITIES OF MENTALLY RETARDED LEARNERS IN TRANS-NZOIA
DISTRICTS 34
FIVE SUMMARY, CONLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 37
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 37
PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS 37
CONCLUSIONS 39
REFERENCES 42
Appendix 1 A Transmittal letter from CHDR 47
Appendix 1 B Transmittal letter for the respondentS 48
Appendix I C Transmittal letter from ministry of education 49
Appendix II Clearence from ethics committee 50
Appendix III Informed consent 51
Appendix IV A Questionnaire to determine bahaviour reinforcement for teachers. 53
Appendix IVC: Questionnaire to determine the extent of learning capabilities 55
Appendix V Sample size 56
Appendix VI Validity and reliability of the questionnaire 57
Apendix IX: Researcher’s curriculum vitae 58
Research, S. (2022). Behaviour Reinforcement and Learning Capabilities of Mentally Retarded Learners in Trans-nzoia East District, Kenya. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/behaviour-reinforcement-and-learning-capabilities-of-mentally-retarded-learners-in-trans-nzoia-east-district-kenya
Research, SSA "Behaviour Reinforcement and Learning Capabilities of Mentally Retarded Learners in Trans-nzoia East District, Kenya" Afribary. Afribary, 13 Sep. 2022, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/behaviour-reinforcement-and-learning-capabilities-of-mentally-retarded-learners-in-trans-nzoia-east-district-kenya. Accessed 24 Nov. 2024.
Research, SSA . "Behaviour Reinforcement and Learning Capabilities of Mentally Retarded Learners in Trans-nzoia East District, Kenya". Afribary, Afribary, 13 Sep. 2022. Web. 24 Nov. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/behaviour-reinforcement-and-learning-capabilities-of-mentally-retarded-learners-in-trans-nzoia-east-district-kenya >.
Research, SSA . "Behaviour Reinforcement and Learning Capabilities of Mentally Retarded Learners in Trans-nzoia East District, Kenya" Afribary (2022). Accessed November 24, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/behaviour-reinforcement-and-learning-capabilities-of-mentally-retarded-learners-in-trans-nzoia-east-district-kenya