Being There For The Other: Towards A Phenomenology Of Help In Mathematics

Abstract

A qualitative study, framed within a hermeneutic phenomenological stance, was

undertaken to explore and describe the essence of the meaning of help in mathematics

from the perspective of high school students. Participants were drawn from

seven high schools located in the eastern and mid-eastern regions of Tanzania Mainland.

The participants were asked to recall and describe a moment when they either

sought or gave help in mathematics. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews

and participants’ own written experiential accounts.

According to the participants, seeking help in mathematics means seeking change

in one’s mode of being in the mathematics life-world, and exhibiting responsive

openness to the target of the seeking intention. This means that when students are

seeking help, they are looking for someone who would help them experience conceptual

change. Giving help, on the other hand, is more a way of being there for the

recipient than a kind of doing.

Most of the participants recalled and described a moment of seeking or giving

the type of help that was ultimately aimed at improving the recipient’s performance

in examinations. Accordingly, this thesis underscores the need for the seeking that

has epistemological significance; namely, the seeking that is aimed at achieving

conceptual understanding.

In their lived-experience descriptions, many participants also shared feelings of

being neglected and disobliged by their teachers. Although the participants longed

for the teacher’s time, presence, attention, concern and care, these longings were not

satisfied. This led to feelings of aloneness among the participants, which appear to

have acted as an impulse for the participants to seek help in the sphere of peergroup

relationships. However, due to the peers’ limitations in their ability to help

each other, they felt the need to consult private tutors.

As professional helpers, teachers play a critical role in transforming help-seeking

moments into pedagogical moments. In this regard, one of the challenges raised in

this thesis is the need to recover the notion of teaching as a vocation since in essence,

it is those teachers who have been called to teaching that will express their being in

and through the act of teaching.

Keywords: help; mathematics; high school; student-student relationship; teacherstudent

relationship; phenomenology; private tutoring; Tanzania