CARD READER AND ELECTION CREDIBILITY IN 2019 GENERAL ELECTION

The real issue in the 2019 general elections in Nigeria was the use of the smart card reader. The smart card reader was a critical component in the elections. It was used for the first time used in 2015 in the electoral process of Nigeria and it remains one of the greatest technological innovations of the 2015 and 2019 general elections respectively. The smart card reader is a technological device setup to authenticate and verify on Election Day a Permanent Voter Card (PVC) issued by Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The fundamental basis for the deployment of the technologically-based device by INEC was to ensure a credible, transparent, free and fair election in order to deepen Nigeria’s democracy. However, the use of the card reader generated electoral conduct among the election stakeholders before, during and after the 2019 general elections. One of such was the legality for the use of the device. This paper therefore  the card reader and electoral credibilty in the 2019 general elections. The paper also looks at the challenges and impact of the card reader on the election. The paper argued that considering the massive electoral fraud witnessed in general elections since Nigeria’s independence, the card reader should be used for future elections. Consequently, subsequent general elections in Nigeria should gradually continue to be technologically driven.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE-------------------------------------------------------------------

APPROVAL PAGE--------------------------------------------------------

DEDICATION--------------------------------------------------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT--------------------------------------------------------

ABSTRACT------------------------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

 1.1 Background of the Study ------------------------------------------------

1.2 Statement of the Problem ---------------------------------------------------

1.3 Objective of the Study -------------------------------------------------------

1.4 Significance of the Study --------------------------------------------------

1.5 Scope of the Study-----------------------------------------------------------

1.6 Research Questions ---------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 

Conceptual Framework--------------------------------------------------------

2.2.1 Election and Electoral credibility ------------------------------------------------

2.2.2 Selected Issues in the 2019 General Elections In Nigeria ---------------------------

2.2.3 Security Threats and Election Postponement ------------------------------------------

2.2.4 4 Electronic Card’s Reader: The Real Issue in the 2019 General Elections -----------5

2.1.5 The Challenges of Electronic Card Reader in the 2019 General Elections in Nigeria 

2.1.6 Electronic Card Reader and Future Elections in Nigeria: The Way Forward Theoretical Framework --------------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 

3.2 Design of the Study-----------------------------------------------------

3.3 Area of the Study------------------------------------------------------------

3.4 Population of the Study ------------------------------------------------------

3.5 Sample and Sampling Technique ------------------------------------------

3.6 Instrument for Data Collection ---------------------------------------------

3.6.1 Validation of the Instrument ----------------------------------------------

3.6.2 Reliability of the Instrument ---------------------------------------------

3.7 Method of Data Collection -------------------------------------------------

3.8 Method of Data Analysis --------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 

Age------------------------------------------------------------

Sex ------------------------------------------------------------

Research question one------------------------------------------------------------6

Research question two----------------------------------------------------------

Research question three-----------------------------------------------------------

Research question four------------------------------------------------------------

Research question five------------------------------------------------------------

Research question six----------------------------------------------------------

Research question seven----------------------------------------------------------

Interview question one------------------------------------------------------------

Interview question two------------------------------------------------------------

Interview question three-----------------------------------------------------

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 

5.2 Discussion of the findings--------------------------------------------------

5.3 Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------

5.3 Recommendations of the findings------------------------------------------

 5.4 Suggestions for further study -----------------------------------------------

5.5 Summaries of the findings --------------------------------------------

REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------