Causes of Academic Anxiety Among Tertiary Institution Students in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page i

Approval ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgements iv

Abstract vi

Table of Contents vii

List of Tables ix

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the study 1

Statement of the problem 13

Research questions 15

Research Hypotheses 17

Purpose of the study 19

Significance of the Study 19

Scope of the Study 22

Operational Definition of Terms 22

CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE REVIEWED

Introduction 24

Nature and meaning of anxiety 25

Concept of Academic Anxiety 32

Theories of Anxiety 34

Types of Anxiety 39

Causes of Anxiety 47

Effect of Anxiety 53

Symptoms of Anxiety 54

Fight and Flight Symptom 58

Experience of Tertiary institution students on Needs 60

Factors Influencing students’ performance 65

Separation from Family and Natural support System 68

Reluctance to participate in class discussions due to

lack of confidence in English ability 69

Summary of Review of the Related Literature 70

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

Introduction 73

Research Design 73

Instrumentation 76

Pilot Testing 77

Psychometric properties of the Instrument 77

Reliability of the Instrument 77

Validity of the Instrument 78

Procedure for Administration and Data Collection 80

Data Analysis Technique 81

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT

Introduction 88

Hypotheses Testing 88

Summary of Finding 95

CHAPTER FIVE

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Introduction 97

Discussions 97

Conclusion 102

Implication of the finding 104

Recommendations 105

References 106

Appendix 110

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Distribution of respondents based on

Gender 83

Table 2: Distribution of respondents’ based on

institution 83

Table 3: Distribution of respondents based on

marital status 84

Table 4: Distribution of respondents based on age 85

Table 5: Distribution of respondents based on mode

of residence 85

Table 6: Distribution of Respondents based on

Religion 86

Table 7: Mean and Rank order of respondents on

the causes of academic related Anxiety 87

Table 8: Mean, standard Deviation and t-value of

respondents on the causes of academic

related anxiety based on Gender 89

Table 9: Means, standard deviation and t-value of

respondents on the causes of academic

related anxiety by marital status 90

Table 10: Means, standard Deviation and t-value of

respondents on the causes of academic

related anxiety on the basis of age 91

Table 11: Mean, Standard Deviations and t-value of

respondents on the causes of academic

related anxiety on the basis of mode of

residence 92

Table 12: Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value of

Respondents on the causes of Academic

Related Anxiety on the basis of Religion 93

Table 13: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Results

comparing responses on causes of academic

related anxiety on the basis of institution 94

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background to the Problem

Anxiety is one of the characteristic of human beings. Hence, to a certain extent, it is not necessarily pathological but on the contrary can be a strong motivation force towards growth. Anxiety results from the need to make rational choice without clear guidelines and without knowing what the outcome will be and from being aware that people were ultimately responsible for the consequences of our action (Covey, 1995). Anxiety usually occur when there is immediate threat to a person’s safely or well being.

Anxiety makes a person to want to escapes an anxious situation fast (Covey, 1995). The heart beats quickly, the body might begin to perspire and “butter flies” in the stomach soon follow. However, a little bit of anxiety can actually help people stay alert and focused (Taylor & Francis, 2003). Anxiety is a basic human emotion consisting of fear and uncertainly that typically appears when an individual perceives an event as being a threat to the ego or self esteem (Samson, 1998).

Samson (1998) defined anxiety as emotional stressful condition, within the organism. The deletenous effects of anxieties permeate both the mind and the body and if not controlled could hinder the functioning of the entire organism. Akinade (2005) defined anxiety as a phenomenological state of uneasiness or tension. From the external frame of reference anxiety is a state in which the incongruence between the concept of the self and the total experience of the individual causes emotional unbalance. Anxiety is a pervasive and unpleasant feeling of tension, dread, apprehension and impending disaster (Taylor & Francis, 1999) in the otherhand, fear is a response to a clear and present danger. The anxiety is often a response to an undefined conflict or unknown threat, which may stem from interact conflicts, feeling of insecurity or forbidden impulses. In both fear and anxiety, the body mobilizes itself to meet the threat and the muscles become tense, breathing is faster and the heart beats mere rapidly (Corsini, 1999).

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Causes of Academic Anxiety Among Tertiary Institution Students in Ilorin Metropolis of Kwara State

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