TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE .......................................................................................................... i
DECRALATION AND COPYRIGHT ................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................... iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. viii
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. ix
LIST OF APPENDICES .......................................................................................... x
LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................... xi
CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background to the Study .................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................... 6
1.3 Objective of the Study ......................................................................................... 9
1.3.1 General Objective of the Study ....................................................................... 9
1.3.2 Specific Objective of the study ........................................................................ 9
14 Research Questions ............................................................................................ 10
1.5 Delimitation of the Study .................................................................................. 10
1.6 Limitation of the study...................................................................................... 11
1.7 Significance of the Study .................................................................................. 11
1.8 Definitions of Key Terms and Concept ........................................................... 12
1.8.1 Community ..................................................................................................... 12
1.8.2 Community Secondary Schools .................................................................... 12
CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................... 14
LITERATURE REVIEW ....................................................................................... 14
2.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 14
2.1 Structure of Tanzania Education .................................................................... 14
2.1.1 History of Girls’ Education in Tanzania ...................................................... 16
2.1.2 Girls’ Access to Education in Tanzania ....................................................... 17
2.2 Theoretical Literature Review ......................................................................... 19
2.2.1 Governance Theory ........................................................................................ 19
2.2.2 Gender Theory on Education ........................................................................ 21
2.2.3 Human Capital Theory .................................................................................. 22
2.4 Empirical Literature Review ........................................................................... 24
2.4.1 An Overview of Community Secondary School in Tanzania ..................... 24
2.5 Policy Paper on Decentralization 1998 ............................................................ 28
2.6 Education and Training Policy of 2014 ........................................................... 29
2.7 Matron and Female Teachers as Role Models ............................................... 30
2.8 Physical Facilities .............................................................................................. 32
2.8.1 Sanitary Facilities ........................................................................................... 32
2.8.2 Hostel ............................................................................................................... 34
2.9 School Timetable ............................................................................................... 36
2.10 Social Practices ................................................................................................ 37
2.10.1 Proximity to School (Distance to Schools) ................................................. 37
2.10.2 Teenage Pregnancy ...................................................................................... 38
2.10.3 Domestic Roles .............................................................................................. 39
2.10.4 Initiation Rituals .......................................................................................... 40
2.11 Research Gap ................................................................................................... 41
2.12 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................. 42
2.12.1 Independent Variables ................................................................................. 42
2.12.2 Dependent Variables .................................................................................... 42
2.12.3 Intervening Variables .................................................................................. 43
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................ 45
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................... 45
3.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 45
3.1 Study Area ......................................................................................................... 45
3.2 Research Approach ........................................................................................... 45
3.3 Research Design ................................................................................................ 46
3.4 Study Population ............................................................................................... 47
3.5 Sampling Techniques ........................................................................................ 47
3.6 Sample Size ........................................................................................................ 48
3.7 Sources of Data .................................................................................................. 50
3.8 Method of Data Collection................................................................................ 50
3.8.1 Tool for Data Collection ................................................................................ 51
3.8.2 Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 51
3.8.3 Interview Guide .............................................................................................. 51
3.8.4 Documentary Reviews ................................................................................... 51
3.9 Validity and Reliability ..................................................................................... 52
3.9.1 Validity ............................................................................................................ 52
3.9.2 Reliability ........................................................................................................ 52
3.10 Data Analysis Plan .......................................................................................... 53
3.11 Ethical Issues ................................................................................................... 53
CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................... 55
RESEULTS AND DISCUSSION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS ........................ 55
4.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 55
4.1 Description of Respondents .............................................................................. 55
4.2 State of Domestic Side of School Life in Community Secondary School ..... 56
4.2.1 Number of Students per Class Stream ......................................................... 56
4.2.2 Institution Arrangement ................................................................................ 57
4.3 The effect of physical Facilities on Girls’ Access to Education ..................... 58
4.3.1 Sanitary Facilities ........................................................................................... 58
4.3.2 The Presence of Hostel ................................................................................... 66
4.4 The influence of Matron and Female Teachers on girls’ Access to
Secondary Education .............................................................................................. 69
4.4.1 The Role of Matrons ...................................................................................... 70
4.4.3 The Roles of Female Teachers ...................................................................... 72
4.5 The Social Practices Affecting Girls’ Access to Secondary Education ........ 74
4.5.1 Social Perception and Practices .................................................................... 75
4.5.2 Domestic Activities ......................................................................................... 77
4.6 Academic Timetabling and Girls’ Access to Secondary Education ............. 80
4.6.1 Accommodating Girls’ in Academic Timetable .......................................... 80
4.6.2 Scheduling of Timetabling ............................................................................. 80
CHAPTER FIVE ..................................................................................................... 82
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................. 82
5.0 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 82
5.1 Summary of the Study ...................................................................................... 82
5.2 Summary of the Key Findings ......................................................................... 83
5.3 Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 84
5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 85
5.5 Recommendation for Further Studies ............................................................. 87
5.6 Recommendation for Action ............................................................................ 87
REFFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 89
APPENDECES ........................................................................................................ 94
HEMEDI, A (2021). Challenges Facing Community Secondary Schools And Their Influence On Girls’access To Secondary Education In Tanzania: A Case Of Dodoma Municipality. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/challenges-facing-community-secondary-schools-and-their-influence-on-girls-access-to-secondary-education-in-tanzania-a-case-of-dodoma-municipality
HEMEDI, ASHA "Challenges Facing Community Secondary Schools And Their Influence On Girls’access To Secondary Education In Tanzania: A Case Of Dodoma Municipality" Afribary. Afribary, 26 Apr. 2021, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/challenges-facing-community-secondary-schools-and-their-influence-on-girls-access-to-secondary-education-in-tanzania-a-case-of-dodoma-municipality. Accessed 19 Sep. 2024.
HEMEDI, ASHA . "Challenges Facing Community Secondary Schools And Their Influence On Girls’access To Secondary Education In Tanzania: A Case Of Dodoma Municipality". Afribary, Afribary, 26 Apr. 2021. Web. 19 Sep. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/challenges-facing-community-secondary-schools-and-their-influence-on-girls-access-to-secondary-education-in-tanzania-a-case-of-dodoma-municipality >.
HEMEDI, ASHA . "Challenges Facing Community Secondary Schools And Their Influence On Girls’access To Secondary Education In Tanzania: A Case Of Dodoma Municipality" Afribary (2021). Accessed September 19, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/challenges-facing-community-secondary-schools-and-their-influence-on-girls-access-to-secondary-education-in-tanzania-a-case-of-dodoma-municipality