Civil War and Education Service Delivery in Kisimayo District-somalia

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of civil war on education service delivery in Kisimayo district of Somalia. The study problem was the fact that poor quality of education services is a frequent phenomenon among schools of Kisimayo district Somalia, this has been caused by low provision of scholastic materials associated with lack of access to service providers due to the existence of civil wars, misappropriation, fund leakages and diversions. Three specific objectives guided this study and these were; i) determining the effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in Kisimayo district, Somalia; ii) establishing the effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo district, Somalia, and (iii) investigating the effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students in Kisimayo district, Somalia. Questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics. The study used a population of 630 and a sample size of 252. The findings indicated; civil war negatively affects education infrastructural development in Kisimayo district, Somalia, civil war has a negative effect on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo district, the study proved a negative effect civil war has on provision of bursaries to students in Kisimayo district, Somalia. The conclusions of the study included; civil wars in Kisimayo district have led to destruction of a state's system of education through the loss of infrastructure and property. Repairs to damage from attacks and normal maintenance and investment in education may be put on hold either because labourers dare not risk repairing or reconstructing a school that has already been targeted out of fear of reprisals, the existence of civil wars leads to the intimidation of funders and making them fail to provide scholastic materials such as school uniforms, books, pens and so many to students in Kisimayo district, and the existence of civil wars disorganizes so many education programs including bursaries to students in Kisimayo district-Somalia, here students are always prevented from going to school because their schools are destroyed or due to widespread fears engendered by threats issued to parents, children and teachers plus funders themselves. The study recommended that; the government of Somalia should urgently rehabilitate and carry out reconstruction of schools, the key to ensuring recovery of the education system is to make money available to rebuild and repair schools, train teachers and mobilize the community to support education in as short a time as possible. The contribution to knowledge was; the study identified the impact and negative consequences (destruction of education infrastructure, limiting the provision of scholastic materials and limiting the provision of bursaries) of war attacks on education service delivery and can be addressed. The study still contributed to knowledge by indicating that continuing attacks deter measures to address the longerterm education programs such as rehabilitation and reconstruction, and can deter the return of teachers and students to school even if repair of damaged or destroyed schools is carried out.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ....................................................................................................i

APPROVAL..........................................................................................................ii

DEDICATION.....................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................iv

ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................ix

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................1

1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of study............................................................................................1

1.2 Problem statement..............................................................................................7

1.3 Purpose of study .................................................................................................8

1.4 Research Objectives ............................................................................................8

1.5 Research questions .............................................................................................8

1.6 Null-hypothesis ...................................................................................................8

1.6 Scope of the study ..............................................................................................9

1.6.1 Geographical Scope ..........................................................................................9

1.6.3 Time scope ......................................................................................................9

1.7 Significance of the study....................................................................................10

CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................ 11

LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................11

2.0 Introduction......................................................................................................11

2.1 Theoretical review.............................................................................................11

2.2 Conceptual framework.......................................................................................13

2.3 Review of related literature ................................................................................14

2.3.1 Effect of civil war on education infrastructural development ..............................14

2.3.2Effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials ........................................18

2.3.3 Effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students .....................................22

vi

2.4 Related studies .................................................................................................24

2.5 Research gap....................................................................................................26

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................. 27

METHODOLOGY......................................................................................................27

3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................27

3.2 Research design................................................................................................27

3.3 Research population ..........................................................................................27

3.3.1 Sample Size ...................................................................................................28

3.4 Sampling techniques .........................................................................................29

3.5 Data collection methods ....................................................................................29

3.7 Validity and reliability of the instrument..............................................................30

3.8 Data Gathering Procedures ................................................................................31

3.9Data analysis .....................................................................................................31

3.10 Ethical considerations ......................................................................................32

3.11 Limitations of the study ...................................................................................33

CHAPTER FOUR ...................................................................................................34

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS ..............................34

4.0 Introduction......................................................................................................34

4.1 Profile of respondents........................................................................................34

4.2 Extent of civil war..............................................................................................35

4.3: Education service delivery.................................................................................38

4.4 Objective one; Effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in 

Kisimayo district......................................................................................................41

4.5 Objective two; Effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo 

district....................................................................................................................43

4.6 Objective three; Effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students ...............45

4.7 Multiple Regression ...........................................................................................48

CHAPTER FIVE.....................................................................................................49

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................49

5.0 Introduction......................................................................................................49

5.1 Discussion of findings ........................................................................................49

5.1.1 Objective one; the effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in 

Kisimayo district, Somalia ........................................................................................49

5.1.2 Objective two; the effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in 

Kisimayo district, Somalia ........................................................................................50

5.1.3 Objective three; the effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students in 

Kisimayo district, Somalia ........................................................................................51

5.2 Conclusions.......................................................................................................52

5.3 Recommendations.............................................................................................53

5.4 Contribution to the knowledge ...........................................................................54

5.5 Areas for further research..................................................................................54

REFERENCES........................................................................................................55

APPENDIX I:RESEARCH INSTRUMENT......................................................................62

SECTION A: PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS ..........................................................63