Civil War and Education Service Delivery in Kisimayo District-Somalia

ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of civil war on education service delivery in Kisimayo district of Somalia. The study problem was the fact that poor quality of education services is a frequent phenomenon among schools of Kisimayo district Somalia, this has been caused by low provision of scholastic materials associated with lack of access to service providers due to the existence of civil wars, misappropriation, fund leakages and diversions. Three specific objectives guided this study and these were; I) determining the effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in Kisimayo district, Somalia; ii) establishing the effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo district, Somalia, and (iii) investigating the effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students in Kisimayo district, Somalia. Questionnaire was the main data gathering instrument. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively by using descriptive statistics. The study used a population of 630 and a sample size of 252. The findings indicated; civil war negatively affects education infrastructural development in Kisimayo district, Somalia, civil war has a negative effect on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo district, the study proved a negative effect civil war has on provision of bursaries to students in Kisimayo district, Somalia. The conclusions of the study included; civil wars in Kisimayo district have led to destruction of a stat&s system of education through the loss of infrastructure and property. Repairs to damage from attacks and normal maintenance and investment in education may be put on hold either because labourers dare not risk repairing or reconstructing a school that has already been targeted out of fear of reprisals, the existence of civil wars leads to the intimidation of funders and making them fail to provide scholastic materials such as school uniforms, books, pens and so many to students in Kisimayo district, and the existence of civil wars disorganizes so many education programs including bursaries to students in Kisimayo district-Somalia, here students are always prevented from going to school because their schools are destroyed or due to widespread fears engendered by threats issued to parents, children and teachers plus funders themselves. The study recommended that; the government of Somalia should urgently rehabilitate and carry out reconstruction of schools, the key to ensuring recovery of the education system is to make money available to rebuild and repair schools, train teachers and mobilize the community to support education in as short a time as possible. The contribution to knowledge was; the study identified the impact and negative consequences (destruction of education infrastructure, limiting the provision of scholastic materials and limiting the provision of bursaries) of war attacks on education service delivery and can be addressed. The study still contributed to knowledge by indicating that continuing attacks deter measures to address the longer term education programs such as rehabilitation and reconstruction, and can deter the return of teachers and students to school even if repair of damaged or destroyed schools is carried out.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CI1AP1~ER ONE aaaaaana.aaaaaa 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Background of study 1

1.2 Problem statement 7

1.3 Purpose of study 8

1.4 Research Objectives 8

1.5 Research questions 8

1.6 Null-hypothesis 8

1.6 Scope of the study 9

1.6.1 Geographical Scope 9

1.6.3 Time scope 9

1.7 Significance of the study 10

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LITERATURE REVIEW 11

2.0 Introduction 11

2.1 Theoretical review 11

2.2 Conceptual framework 13

2.3 Review of related literature 14

2.3.1 Effect of civil war on education infrastructural development 14

2.3.2Effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials 18

2.3.3 Effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students 22

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2.4 Related studies .24

2.5 Research gap 26

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METHODOLOGY 27

3.1 Introduction 27

3.2 Research design 27

3.3 Research population 27

3.3.1 Sample Size 28

3.4 Sampling techniques 29

3.5 Data collection methods 29

3.7 Validity and reliability of the instrument 30

3.8 Data Gathering Procedures 31

3.9Data analysis 31

3.10 Ethical considerations 32

3.11 Limitations of the study 33

CHAPTER FOUR 34

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 34

4.0 Introduction 34

4.1 Profile of respondents 34

4.2 Extent of civil war 35

4.3: Education service delivery 38

4.4 Objective one; Effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in

Kisimayo district 41

4.5 Objective two; Effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in Kisimayo

district 43

4.6 Objective three; Effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students 45

4.7 Multiple Regression 48

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CHAPTER FIVE .49

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49

5.0 Introduction 49

5.1 Discussion of findings 49

5.1.1 Objective one; the effect of civil war on education infrastructural development in

Kisimayo district, Somalia 49

5.1.2 Objective two; the effect of civil war on provision of scholastic materials in

Kisimayo district, Somalia 50

5.1.3 Objective three; the effect of civil war on provision of bursaries to students in

Kisimayo district, Somalia 51

5.2 Conclusions 52

5.3 Recommendations 53

5.4 Contribution to the knowledge 54

5.5 Areas for further research 54

REFERENCES 55

APPENDIX I: RESEARCH INSTRUMENT 62

SECTION A: PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS 63