Climate Change Interventions, Achievements and Challenges in Uganda with a Special Focus on the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (Napa) and Clean Development Mechanism (Cdm)

ABSTRACT 

The global climate is changing and its accelerating and deepening impacts are affecting everyone on earth. Countries which stand to suffer the most, despite their minimal contributions to the causes of climate change, are the poor. The increased frequency of extreme weather and climatic events, such as floods and droughts, has clearly demonstrated Uganda’s vulnerability to impacts of climate change. The first chapter of this study gives an overview on global, regional and local climate change issues. The statement of the problem illustrates the impacts of climate change in Uganda. The objectives of this study are to illustrate interventions made and challenges faced in tackling climate change by the Government and its development partners in Uganda. The second objective is to assess achievements and challenges faced in the implementation of adaptation and mitigation mechanisms in Uganda, with a special focus on the National Adaptation Program of Actions (NAPA) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). A questionnaire was prepared and guided interviews conducted to collect data. Stratified random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to get the sample size. The study has been conducted in 10 sample organizations found in Kampala from a target population of 18. These were chosen non-proportionally from the stratums: Government organizations and development partners. A total sample of 20 interviewees was selected using purposive sampling from a target population of 50 employees. The findings of the study indicate that interventions made by the Government of Uganda and its development partners include the establishment of the Climate Change Unit (CCU), the creation of the Parliamentary Forum for Climate Change (PFFCC) and the preparation of the Ugandan NAPA. The findings indicate that Uganda does not have a national climate change policy and faces challenges in the implementation of adaptation mechanisms: these include insufficient technical capacity, a lack of funds, a weak adaptation capacity and inadequate metrological technology / data. On mitigation, the complexity, high cost and lack of local expertise in CDM are challenges faced in Uganda. Recommendations made include that Government should prepare a national climate change policy to promote community’s existing traditional adaptation strategies and local resources and to take actions to ease CDM procedures and costs so that small and medium projects can benefit.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL SHEET A

APPROVAL SHEET B iv

DEDICATION v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES x

APPENDICES xi

LIST OF ABREVATIONS AND ACRONYMS xii

ABSTRACT xiii

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION i

1.1 Background and Overview 1

1.2 Statement ofthe Problem 5

1.3 Purpose of the Study 5

1.4 Objectives of the Study 6

1.4.1 General Objective 6

1.4.2 Specific Objectives 6

1.4.3 Research Questions 6

1.5 Scope ofthe Study 6

1.6 Significance ofthe Study 6

CHAPTER TWO 8

LITERATURE REVIEW 8

2.1 Introduction 8

2.2 Conceptual framework of Climate Change 9

2.3 Conceptual frame work for African Climate Change Programmes 12

2.4 Global, Regional and local Impacts of Climate Change 13

2.4.1 Global impacts of climate change 13

2.4.2 Regional Impacts of climate change 16

2.4.3 Local Impacts of Climate Change 17

2.5 Major Sectors Contributing to Climate Change 20

2.5.1 Energy 20

2.5.2 Transport 22

2.5.3 Buildings 23

2.5.4 Industry 24

2.5.5 Waste Management 24

2.6 Alternative Energy Sources for the Future 25

2.6.1 Hydro Power 25

2.6.2 Biomass Energy 26

2.6.3 Biofuels 26

2.6.4 Wind Energy 27

2.6.5 Solar Energy 27

2.6.6 Other Renewable Energies 28

2.7 Strategies for Action to Slow and Stabilise Climate Change 28

2.7.1 Global and National strategies 28

2.7.2 Mitigation 29

2.7.3 The Kyoto Protocol 29

2.7.4 The Kyoto Mechanisms 29

2.7.5 CDM Overview 32

2.8 The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Africa 35

2.8.1 CDM Related Capacity Requirements 36

CHAPTER THREE 37

METHODOLOGY 37

3.1 Introduction 37

3.2 Research Design 37

3.3 Study Area and Research Population 37

3.4 Sample Framework 38

3.4.1 Sample Size 38

3.4.2 Sampling Techniques 38

3.4.3 Sampling Procedure 38

3.5 Methods for data collection 38

3.5.1 Research Instruments 38

3.5.2 Source of Data 39

3.5.3 Data processing 39

3.5.4 Data Analysis 39

3.5.5 Validity and Reliability 39

3.5.6 Ethical considerations 39

3.5.7 Limitations 39

CHAPTER FOUR 40

PRESENTATIONS, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS 40

4.1 Introduction 40

4.2 Reasons for climate change in Uganda 40

4.3 Interventions and challenges on Climate Change 41

4.3.1 Interventions 41

4.3.2 Challenges of intervention 43

4.4 Achievements and challenges in the implementation of NAPA and CDM 46

4.4.1 Adaptation 46

4.4.2 Mitigation 52

CHAPTER FIVE 61

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 61

5.2 Introduction 61

5.3 Summary 61

5.4 Conclusions 62

5.5 Recommendations 63

REFERENCES 65

APPENDICES 67