Enforcement and Compliance of Occupational Health and Safety Measures Governing Petroleum Industries in Mombasa Municipality, Mombasa County

Occupation Health and safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area which ensures the protection of Safety, Health and Welfare of people engaged in work or even employment. The goal of occupation Health and Safety programmes is to foster a safe and healthy work environment. As secondary effects, Occupation Health and Safety may also protect coworkers, family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby communities, and other members of the public who are impacted by the workplace environment as well as reduce medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs. The purpose of the study was to investigate the extent of compliance with the safety and health regulations by Petroleum companies in Mombasa County. It further determined the measures organizations have put in place at their workplaces to comply with the occupational safety and health regulations. The study was a population survey design and primary data was collected using questionnaires. The data was analyzed using descriptive and factor analysis. The elements used to determine the extent of compliance with occupational safety and health regulations at workplaces were categorized into 6 factors. The factors were company safety management regulations, OSH department regulations, safety measures regulations, hygiene regulations, Health management regulations and employee Education and awareness regulations. The study revealed that 100 percent of the respondents were generally aware of the existence of the occupational safety and health Act, 2007. Over 69.9 percent of the respondents were of the view that administration and enforcement of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, 2007, was effective. Overall, the extent of compliance with Occupational Safety and Health regulations at workplaces stands at 71.7 percent. Organizations still have an outstanding 28.30 percent level of no-compliance which they need to work on in order to minimize the consequences of noncompliance. The objective of the study helped to find out what Occupational Health and Safety measures existed in the petroleum industries in the study area, assess the enforcement and compliance of OHS regulations in the study area and to give suggestions / action plan on how to enhance safety and health of workers in Petroleum Industries in the area. The findings assisted me in formulating recommendations that could significantly improve the efficacy and compliance levels of OHS measures in Petroleum Industries in Mombasa Municipality

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. ii 

ACKNOWLEGMENT ....................................................................................................... iii

 DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... iv 

ABSRTACT ..........................................................................................................................v 

TABLE OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... x 

ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................ xi 

CHAPTER ONE..................................................................................................................................... 1

 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 

1.1 Background to the problem ........................................................................................................... 1 

1.2 Statement of the problem .............................................................................................................. 3 

1.3 Research questions; ....................................................................................................................... 4 

1.4 Research Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 4 

1.5 Research Premises ......................................................................................................................... 5 

1.6 Justification of the Study ................................................................................................................ 5 

1.7 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................................ 6 

1.8 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................................................... 6 

1.9 Operational Definition of Terms ..................................................................................................... 7 

CHAPETR TWO.................................................................................................................................... 8

 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 8 

2.1 Positioning of Occupational Health and Safety ............................................................................... 8 

2.2 Occupational Health and Safety as a Human Right ....................................................................... 10 

2.3 Occupational Health and Safety and the Environment.................................................................. 11

 2.4 Occupational Health and Safety ................................................................................................... 11 

2.5 The functions of DOSHS include: .................................................................................................. 12 

2.6 Laws, Acts and Regulations on Occupational Health and Safety OHS in Kenya .............................. 12 

2.6.1 The Factories (Docks) Rules, L.N. No. 306/1962 ......................................................................... 13

 2.6.2 The Factories (Cellulose Solution) Rules, L.N. No. 87/1964 ........................................................ 13 

2.6.3 The Factories (First Aid) Rules, L.N. No. 160/1977 ..................................................................... 13 

2.6.4 The Factories (Eye Protection) Rules, L.N. No. 44/1978 ............................................................. 14

 2.6.5 The Factories (Electric Power Special) Rules, L.N. No. 340/1979 ................................................ 14 

  2.6.6 The Factories (Building Operations and Works of Engineering Construction) Rules, L.N. No. 40/1984 ............................................................................................................................................. 14 

2.6.7 The Factories and Other Places of Work (Safety and Health Committees) Rules, L.N. No. 31/2004 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 

2.6.8 The Factories and Other Places of Work (Noise Prevention and Control) Rules, L.N. No. 25/2005 .......................................................................................................................................................... 14

 2.6.9 The Factories and Other Places of Work (Fire Risk Reduction) Rules, L.N. No. 59/2007 .............. 15

 2.6.10 Factories and Other Places of Work (Hazardous Substances) Rules, L.N. No. 60/2007 ............. 15 

2.6.11 The Government Financial Management (Occupational Safety and Health Fund) Regulations, 2011 .................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.7 Compliance with the Occupational Health and Safety Measures .................................................. 15 

2.8 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................................ 16 

2.8.2 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................. 18 

Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 20 

2.9 Enforcement of Legal Requirements ............................................................................................ 21 

2.9.1 Contractor’s Safety Policy ......................................................................................................... 21 

2.9.2 Safety Training .......................................................................................................................... 21 

2.9.3 Monitoring and Evaluation of safety and health ........................................................................ 21 

CHAPTER THREE ............................................................................................................................... 22 

3.0 AREA OF STUDY .......................................................................................................................... 22 

3.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................ 22 

3.2 Location and extents of Mombasa County ................................................................................... 22 

3.3 TOPOGRAPHY and DRAINAGE ...................................................................................................... 23 

3.4 POPULATION ............................................................................................................................... 23

 3.4.1 Further information about the population structure: ........................................................ 24 

3.5 ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................. 24

 3.6 CLIMATE ...................................................................................................................................... 25 

3.6.1 Average Daily Temperatures ................................................................................................. 25 

3.6.2 Average Humidity Values (Source: Kenya Meteorological Department) ................................. 26 

3.6.3 Average Rain Amounts .......................................................................................................... 27 

CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................................. 28 

4.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 28 

4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 28 

4.2 Research Design........................................................................................................................... 28 

   viii  4.5 Sampling Design........................................................................................................................... 29 

4.6 Data Methods Collection.............................................................................................................. 29

 4.7 Data Collection process ................................................................................................................ 29

 4.8 Data analysis and Presentations ................................................................................................... 29 

4.9 Questionnaires ......................................................................................................................... 30 

4.10 Recoding of field information ................................................................................................. 30 

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................................................... 31 

5.0 DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS ............................................................................................. 31 

5.1 Policy and Legal framework governing the Petroleum Industries in Mombasa Municipality ........ 31 

5.1 Data Capture and response rate ................................................................................................. 31

 5.2 Demographic Profiles of Company and the Respondents ............................................................ 31 

5.2.2 Years of Experience .................................................................................................................. 31 

5.2.2 Years of Service ........................................................................................................................ 32 

5.2.3 Company Size .......................................................................................................................... 33

 5.2.4 Company Ownership ................................................................................................................ 33 

5.3 Level of awareness of the occupation Safety and Health Regulations .......................................... 34 

5.3.1 Availability of a Copy of Occupation Safety and Health Act, 2007 ............................................. 34 

5.3.2 Availability of safety and health manual in the Company.......................................................... 35 

5.3.3 Effectiveness in the administration of the OSH regulations ...................................................... 36 

5.3.4 Number of accidents reported ................................................................................................. 39 

5.3.4.1 Number of deaths reported .................................................................................................. 40 

5.3.4.2 Number of Permanent Injuries Reported .............................................................................. 40 

5.4 Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Regulations .................................................... 41 

5.4.1 Descriptive Statistics on compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Regulations ............ 41 

5.5 Findings ...................................................................................................................................... 43

 5.6 Action Plan ................................................................................................................................. 44 

CHAPTER SIX ...................................................................................................................................... 46 

SAMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 46

 6.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 46 

6.1 Summary of key findings .............................................................................................................. 46 

6.3 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................................... 47 

6.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 47 

   ix  6.5 Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 48 

6.5.1 Recommendations with policy implications ............................................................................... 48 

6.6.2 Recommendation for Further Research ..................................................................................... 49 

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................... 50

 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................................... 52 

APPENDIX A: INSTITUTION QUESTIONNAIRE ...................................................................................... 52 

APPENDIX B: EMPLOYEE QUESTINNAIRE ........................................................................................... 54 

APPENDIX C: QUETIONNAIRE FOR CLIENT AND GOVERNMENT OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OFFICERS ........................................................................................................................................... 57 

APPEDIX D: SAMMARY PROPOSAL BUDGET PLAN ............................................................................. 60 

APPENDIX 5: PROJECT WORK PLAN ................................................................................................... 61