COMPLIANCE TO USE OF INTERMITTENT PREVENTIVE THERAPY (IPT) AGAINST MALARIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR TEACHING HOSPITAL (UCTH),CALABAR, CROSS RIVER STATE.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance to use of intermittent preventive therapy (IPTp) against malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria. In order to accomplish this purpose, three specific objectives were formulated and corresponding research questions were posed to guide the study. One null hypothesis was postulated for testing.The descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted for the study. The total sample size for the study was 210 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital.A self developed, validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics of frequencies and percentages were used for data analyses. The hypothesis was tested with Chi-Square (X2). Results indicated that 82 (39.1%) of the respondents had good knowledge of IPTp, 66 (31.4%) had moderate knowledge of IPTp, while 62(29.5%) had poor knowledge of IPTp. Majority 135 (64.0%) of the respondents comply with the use of IPTp during pregnancy while 75(36.0%) did not. The findings also revealed that out of the 75(36.0%) respondents who did not comply with the use of IPTp, the majority 35(16.7%) attributed it to late antenatal booking, 15 (7.1%) attributed it to attitude of health workers while 11(5.2%) attributed it to fear of side effect. Significant relationship was found between knowledge level and compliance to the use of IPTp among the respondents. This is so because the calculated X2 value of 79.4 is greater than the tabulated X2 value of 5.991. It was recommended among others that health education which will aim at increasing the compliance to IPTp among women should be carried out.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE                                                                                                

CERTIFICATION                                                                                        

DEDICATION                                                                                              

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS                                                              

ABSTRACT                                                                                                  

TABLE OF CONTENTS                                                                              

LIST OF FIGURES                                                                                     

LIST OF TABLES                                                                                        

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the study                                                                          1

1.2  Statement of problem                                                                               4

1.3  Purpose of the study                                                                                 5

1.4  Specific objectives of the study                                                                5

1.5  Research questions                                                                                    5

1.6  Research hypothesis                                                                                  5

1.7  Scope of the study                                                                                                6

1.8  Significance of the study                                                                          6

1.9  Limitation of the study                                                                             7

1.10 Operational definition of terms                                                              7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. Conceptual review                                                                                   9

2.1.1 National drug policy for malaria control in Nigeria                                           9

2.1.2 Malaria in Pregnancy                                                                                         10

 2.1.3 The vector                                                                                                         10

 2.1.4 Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy                                                                  10

2.1.4.1 Insecticide-treated bed nets                                                                            12

2.1.4.2 Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria in pregnancy                   12

2.1.3.3 Effective case management for malaria illness in pregnancy                          12

2.1.4 IPT-SP coverage                                                                                                13

2.2.  Review of empirical studies                                                                                14

2.2.1 Knowledge of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics                                                                                                14

2.2.2 Utilization of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics                                                                                                16

2.2.3 Factors influencing IPTp compliance                                                                17

2.2.4 Compliance to intermittent preventive treatment for malaria among

pregnant Women                                                                                                         19

2.3       Theoretical framework                                                                                    20

2.3.1    Health belief model (HBM)                                                                            20

2.3.2 Assumptions of HBM                                                                                        20

2.3.3    Application of health belief model (HBM) to the study                                23

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD

3. 1. Research design                                                                                                  24

3.2. Research setting                                                                                                   24

3.3.      Research population                                                                                        26

3.3.1.   Target population                                                                                            26

3.3.2.   Accessible population                                                                                     26

3.4. Sample and sampling technique                                                                          26

3.4.1 Sample                                                                                                               26

3.4.2.   Sampling technique                                                                                         27

3.5.      Instrument for data collection                                                                                    27

3.5.1.   Validity of instrumentation                                                                            27

3.5.2.   Reliability of the instrument                                                                           28

3.6.      Method of data collection                                                                              28

3.7.      Procedure for data analysis                                                                             28

3.8.      Ethical consideration                                                                                      28

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

4.1. Socio-demographic variables of the respondents                                                30

4.2 Results for the specific objectives of the research                                                33

4.2.1 Specific objective 1                                                                                            33

4.2.2 Specific objective 2                                                                                            34

4.2.3 Specific objective 3                                                                                            36

CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS

5.1       Discussion of Findings                                                                                   40

5.1.2 Knowledge of pregnant women toward intermittent preventive therapy in

pregnancy (IPTp)                                                                                                        40

5.1.3 Compliance with intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp)            41

5.1.3. Factors influencing IPTp compliance among pregnant women                        41

5.1.4 The relationship between knowledge level and compliance to IPTp                 42

5.2 Implications of the study to nursing                                                                     42

5.3 Summary of the study                                                                                          43

5.4 Conclusion                                                                                                            44

5.5 Recommendations                                                                                                            44

REFERENCES                                                                                                           46

  APPENDICES                                                                                                           49

 

 

 

 

LIST OF FIGURES

 

Figure 1: Health Belief Model                                                                                    22

Figure 2: Pie chart showing level of Compliance to IPTp                                          35

Figure 3: Bar chart showing factors hindering compliance                                        37

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:  Socio-demographic variables of respondents                                                           31

Table 2: Showing levels of knowledge on intermittent preventive therapy in

pregnancy (IPTp).                                                                                                                   33

Table 3:  Relationship between knowledge level and compliance to IPTp                            39