ABSTRACT The researcher’s purpose is to identify and examine the correlates of orphaned students’ academic performance (academic achievement) in selected secondary schools in Musanze District ,Rwanda. Chapter One of this research work is devoted to portraying the background of this study, emphasizing on the present life of orphaned students in Rwanda. This includes mainly these students’ academic performancedn Chapter Two, emphasis is laid on factors affecting academic performance in general, and mainly on those affecting the academic achievements of orphaned students that include psychological, social and economic factors. With regard to Chapter Three, the methodology adopted to do this research is described.To verify the factors which are behind the poor performance, a survey was carried out in 7 secondary schools of Musanze District, a questionnaire and interviews as instruments were subjected to the respective respondents for data collection. In Chapter Four, the collected data were presented, analyzed and interpreted. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and Pearson correlation of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Lastly, the findings, conclusions and recommendations of this work were given in Chapter Five. The researcher found that all psychological, social, and economic factors are positively related to orphaned students’ academic performance.Thus, this research revealed that the great majority of the respondents do not get timely and sufficient school fees and necessary scholastic materials. They suffer various great hardships during holidays, and are sometimes psychologically harassed by their colleagues. In spite of many efforts made by the Government and Non-Governmental Organizations to give a leg-up to orphaned students, a big number of them remain without any financial back-up, making them desperate, as the continuation and completion of their studies are not ensured. The recommendations made were mainly focused on identifying all needy orphaned students, and equip their respective homes with necessary means of improving their welfare and academic success.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DECLARATION A
DECLARATION B iii
APPROVAL SHEET iv
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS v
DEDICATION vii
ACKNOWLEGEMENT viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS x
LIST OF TABLES xiv
LIST OF FIGURES xvi
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 4
Research Objectives 5
Research Questions 5
Hypotheses 5
Scope 6
Significance 6
Operational Definitions of Key Terms 7
CHAPTER TWO 8
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 8
Introduction 8
Factors Effecting Academic Perfbrmance 8
The Self-Concept 8
Motivation 8
Individual Differences 8
Socio-Economic, and Cultural Background 9
Home Background and Social Interaction 10
Teacher-Student’s Relations 12
Peer Influence 13
Active Learning 14
Class Attendance 14
Extracurricular Activities 15
Theoretical Perspectives 16
Related Studies 22
Psychological Factors and Academic Performance 23
Stress, Trauma, and Stigma 23
Lack of Efficient Psychological Support 27
Social Factors and Academic Performance 31
Family-Life Effects 31
Indecent Health Conditions 34
Low School Assistance 35
Exploitation and Abuse 35
Economic Factors and Academic Performance 37
The Poverty 37
CHAPTER THREE 40
METHODOLOGY 40
Introduction 40
Research Design 40
Research Population 40
Sample Size 41
Sampling Procedure 42
Research Instrument 43
Validity and Reliability of the Research Instrument 44
Data Reliability 45
Data Gathering Procedures 45
Data Analysis 45
Ethical Considerations 45
Limitations of the Study 46
CHAPTER FOUR 47
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 47
Introduction 47
Questionnaire for Orphaned Students 47
Measuring the Dependent Variable 47
Students’ Performance in Terms of Participation in Class 49
Students’ Performance in Terms of Doing Corrections 49
Students’ Performance in Terms of Attendance 50
Students’ Performance in Terms of Revision so
Students’ Performance in Terms of Examination Scores
Orphaned Students’ School Performance in Term 2, Academic Year 2010 52
Measuring the Independent Variables 55
Interview with Head Teachers 73
Views and Testimonies of School Head Teachers 74
Financial Problems of Orphaned Students 74
Psychological Problems of Orphaned Students 74
Dealing with Students who Have Problems 74
Intervievv with Executive Secretaries 74
The Nature of the Problem 74
The Extent of Orphaned Students’ Assistance. 75
CHAPTER FIVE 76
FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS 76
Findings 76
Conclusion 81
Recommendations 82
APPENDIX I
TRASMITTAL LETTER
APPENDIX II ii
Questionnaire for Students
APPENDIX III. x
Sample size (s) required for the given population size (N) by (Amin, 2005) x
APPENDIX I V xi
CURRICULUM VITAE xi
Research, S. (2022). Correlates of Academic Performance of Orphaned Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Musanze District, Rwanda. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/correlates-of-academic-performance-of-orphaned-students-in-selected-secondary-schools-in-musanze-district-rwanda
Research, SSA "Correlates of Academic Performance of Orphaned Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Musanze District, Rwanda" Afribary. Afribary, 08 Sep. 2022, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/correlates-of-academic-performance-of-orphaned-students-in-selected-secondary-schools-in-musanze-district-rwanda. Accessed 09 Nov. 2024.
Research, SSA . "Correlates of Academic Performance of Orphaned Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Musanze District, Rwanda". Afribary, Afribary, 08 Sep. 2022. Web. 09 Nov. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/correlates-of-academic-performance-of-orphaned-students-in-selected-secondary-schools-in-musanze-district-rwanda >.
Research, SSA . "Correlates of Academic Performance of Orphaned Students in Selected Secondary Schools in Musanze District, Rwanda" Afribary (2022). Accessed November 09, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/correlates-of-academic-performance-of-orphaned-students-in-selected-secondary-schools-in-musanze-district-rwanda