Development of Resource Management Programme in Sorghum Production Enterprises for Training Secondary School Graduates for Employment in Kwara and Kogi States, Nigeria

Abstract 

This study focused on the development of resource management programme in sorghum production enterprises for training secondary school graduates for employment in Kwara and Kogi States, Nigeria. Six research questions were answered by the study and six hypotheses were formulated and tested at the probability of 0.05. Research and Development design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 1,624 made up of eight lecturers of Agricultural Education from University of Nigeria Nsukka, 61 Lecturers from Colleges of Education, 499 Teachers of Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools, 239 Extension Agents in Kwara and Kogi States, 425 registered Sorghum processors and 392 registered Sorghum Marketers in Kwara and Kogi States. The sample for the study was 692 made of eight Lecturers of Agricultural Education from University of Nigeria Nsukka, 61 Lecturers in Colleges of Education, 200 Teachers of Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools, 96 Extension Agents, 170 registered sorghum processors and 157 registered sorghum marketers in Kwara and Kogi States. Five sets of instruments were used for data collection for the study. The five sets of questionnaire were face-validated by one expert each from these institutions: Department of Agricultural Education, University of Nigeria Nsukka; Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, University of Ilorin; Department of Curriculum Studies, University of Ilorin; Department of Crop Production, College of Agriculture, Mokwa, Niger State; and one sorghum processor from Wakilin Mata Sorghum Processing Industry, Ilorin; their suggestions were used to produce the final instrument used for the study. Cronbach Alpha method was utilized to determine the internal consistency of the five sets of questionnaire items in which a coefficient of 0.86 was obtained for programme objectives and packaging procedure, 0.79 for sorghum growing enterprise, 0.84 for sorghum processing enterprise, 0.81 for sorghum marketing enterprise and 0.79 for training procedure with an average of 0.82. Data for the study were collected with the help of six research assistants. The data collected were analyzed using weighted mean to answer the research questions and standard deviation to determine the spread of the respondents around the mean in their responses while t-test statistics and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05. Based on the data analysed, the study identified three objectives of each sorghum enterprises (growing, processing and marketing), seven clusters with 105 resource management skills in sorghum growing enterprise, six clusters with 82 resource management skills in sorghum processing enterprise, four clusters with 39 resource management skills in sorghum marketing enterprise, 25 procedures for training secondary school graduates in the three enterprises (growing, processing and marketing) and six procedures for packaging each sorghum production enterprise into a programme. The result of the hypotheses tested showed that there were no significant difference in the mean ratings of respondents on programme objectives, sorghum growing enterprise, sorghum processing enterprise, sorghum marketing enterprise, training procedure and packaging procedure. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others that governments of Kwara and Kogi states should direct the management of skill acquisition centres in the states to integrate the developed programmes in sorghum production enterprises into skill acquisition centers for training secondary school graduates and other interested individuals for employment in sorghum production.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL PAGE ii

CERTIFICATION iii

DEDICATION iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES ix

LIST OF FIGURES xi

ABSTRACT xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 10

Purpose of the Study 13

Significance of the Study 14

Research Questions 16

Hypotheses 17

Scope of the Study 18

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 19

Conceptual Framework 20

Approaches for Identifying Skills in Sorghum Production Enterprise 20

Resource Management 34

Theoretical Framework 39

Wheeler’s Model of Curriculum 39

Theory of Occupation 41

Training Theory 43

Planning Skills for Sorghum Production Enterprises 47

Programme Packaging Procedures 111

Review of Related Empirical Studies 113

Summary of Literature Review 122

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 124

Design of the Study 124

Area of the Study 127

Population of the Study 128

Sample and Sampling Technique 128

Instrument for Data Collection 129

Validation of the Instrument 131

Reliability of the Instrument 132

Method of Data Collection 133

Method of Data Analysis 134

CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 138

Research Question One 138

Research Question Two 140

Research Question Three 141

Research Question Four 143

Research Question Five 144

Research Question Six 146

Testing of Hypotheses 147

Findings of the Study 159

Findings from Answering Research Questions 176

Findings from Testing Hypotheses 184

Discussion of Findings from Testing Hypotheses 187

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS 193

Re-statement of the Problem 193

Purpose of the Study 194

Summary of the Procedure Used 195

Major Findings of the Study 197

Conclusion 198

Educational Implications of the Study 200

Limitations 201

Recommendations 201

Suggestions for Further Studies 202

 REFERENCES 203

APPENDICES

A: Request for Population of the Respondents 216

B: Evidence of Visit to Industry 222

C: Population Distribution of Teachers of Agriculture 223

D: Population Distribution of Registered Sorghum Processors 224

E: Population Distribution of Agricultural Extension Agents 225

F: Population Distribution of Lecturers of Agric. Education 226

G: Request for Validation of Research Instrument 227

H: Questionnaire on Programme Objectives 228

I: Questionnaire on Skills in Sorghum Growing Enterprise 231

J: Questionnaire on Skills in Sorghum Processing Enterprise 239

K: Questionnaire on Skills in Sorghum Marketing Enterprise 245

L: Questionnaire on Training Procedure in Sorghum Enterprises 248

M: Procedure for Packaging the Programme 251

N: Result of Reliability Test 252

O: Result of Data Analysis 254

P: Item-by-Item Analysis for Research Question Two 286

Q: Item-by-Item Analysis for Research Question Three 292

R: Item-by-Item Analysis for Research Question Four 296

S: Item-by-Item Analysis for Hypothesis Two 299

T: Item-by-Item Analysis for Hypothesis Three 305

U: Item-by-Item Analysis for Hypothesis Four 310

V: Format for Packaging the Programmes 313

W: Packaged Programme I on Sorghum Growing Enterprise 314

X: Packaged Programme II on Sorghum Processing Enterprise 322

Y: Packaged Programme III on Sorghum Marketing Enterprise 329