Abstract
Several collections of evidences from oral tradition, archaeological, historical, sociological researches have clearly indicated several early urban centers in West Africa and the differences in their characteristics based on region. This paper is aimed at bringing to limelight the place of Birnin-Kudu as part of early urban center in West-Africa and sourced it data from archaeological excavations and survey, collection of oral traditions and review of several literatures relating to the research focus. The archaeological and historical evidences from Birnin-Kudu settlement relating to early urban centers were addressed as well in this paper. It concludes that Birnin-Kudu is one of the early urban centers in West Africa based on the analysis of evidence and recommends further investigations and absolute dating of the settlement.
Abdulmalik Abdulrahman, A., Disa, H & Naimatu, I (2021). Early Urbanization in West Africa: An Archaeological Evidence from Birnin-Kudu Settlement. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/early-urbanization-in-west-africa-an-archaeological-evidence-from-birnin-kudu-settlement
Abdulmalik Abdulrahman, Abdulmalik, et. al. "Early Urbanization in West Africa: An Archaeological Evidence from Birnin-Kudu Settlement" Afribary. Afribary, 24 Jul. 2021, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/early-urbanization-in-west-africa-an-archaeological-evidence-from-birnin-kudu-settlement. Accessed 22 Dec. 2024.
Abdulmalik Abdulrahman, Abdulmalik, Hassan Disa and IBRAHIM Naimatu . "Early Urbanization in West Africa: An Archaeological Evidence from Birnin-Kudu Settlement". Afribary, Afribary, 24 Jul. 2021. Web. 22 Dec. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/early-urbanization-in-west-africa-an-archaeological-evidence-from-birnin-kudu-settlement >.
Abdulmalik Abdulrahman, Abdulmalik, Hassan Disa and IBRAHIM Naimatu . "Early Urbanization in West Africa: An Archaeological Evidence from Birnin-Kudu Settlement" Afribary (2021). Accessed December 22, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/early-urbanization-in-west-africa-an-archaeological-evidence-from-birnin-kudu-settlement