EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON FOUR VARIETIES OF RICE (A CASE STUDY OF EZZA NORTH, ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE)

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ABSTRACT

Flooding has been described as one of the most important environmental factors determining the distribution of salt maize plants. We studied the impact of five water levels on the germination and establishment of the invasive cord grass SPARTINA DENSIFLORA. Plant house experiment was carried out to determine the effects of time and depth of flooding o the survival and growth of rice. Data showed that time and depth of flood had significant effects on the survival and growth of rice. The germination rate was decrease gradually with depth there was no seedling emergence from depth deeper than 4cm however seedling at 8cm depth all died. Plant rooted at 4cm presented the highest quantum efficiency of photo system 11 slightly lower maximum net photosynthesis rate than other plants over 4cm depth reflecting high photo protection levels together with low nitrogen and pigments contents.Water level depth reduced short relative growth rate (RGR) the results could be useful to fight densiflora invasion because artificial invasion of invaded marshes to a water depth of 8cm would prevents its establishment from seed bank.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page

Title Page

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

Table of contents

CHAPTER ONE

1.0INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the study

1.2Objectives of the study

1.3Justification of the study

CHAPTER TWO

2.0LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1Overview of rice cropping

2.2Effects of flooding on the growth

2.3Types of rice grown

2.4Techniques of flood control

2.5Additional traits probably involved in the survival in anaerobic soils.

2.6Rice adaption to anaerobic system

2.7Genetic variation in flooding tolerance during germination and early growth in rice

2.8Mobilization of stored carbohydrate

2.9Role of rice hormones under flooded conditions

2.10Adaption of rice of flooding during establishments

2.11Farmers cropping strategies to flood

CHAPTER THREE

3.0MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1Area of study

3.2material

3.3Germination determination

3.4Yield of various varieties

3.5Land preparation

3.6Method

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1Results

4.2Discussion

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0conclusion and recommendation

5.1Conclusion

5.2Recommendation

Reference

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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FLOODING ON FOUR VARIETIES OF RICE (A CASE STUDY OF EZZA NORTH, ABAKALIKI, EBONYI STATE)

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