ABSTRACT Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs/Long Lasting Insecticide-Treated Nets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have contributed to halving global malaria incidence and mortality rates. Achieving zero malaria transmission using these methods which target indoor-feeding mosquitoes is hampered by residual malaria transmission attributable to outdoor-feeding mosquitoes. This study evaluated potential malaria vector-control methods that target outdoor-feeding Anopheles mosquitoes to con...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Women play critical roles in agricultural value chains in developing countries. However, their participation in value chain development activities does not always result into their empowerment. The main objective of this study was to examine the impacts of women participation in onion value chain development activities on their empowerment. The study was conducted in Simanjiro District and adopted a cross-sectional research design. Qualitative and quantitative data were co...
ABSTRACT Aflatoxins and fumonisins are toxic food contaminants. Knowledge about status of human exposure to, and health effects of these toxins in Tanzania is inadequate. This study was conducted to assess the magnitude of dietary exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin in young children by using biomarkers of exposure and assess the impact of the exposure on child growth. A total of 166 children were recruited at age of 6 to 14 months in three villages; Nyabula (Iringa region), Kigwa (Tabora r...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT The crop-livestock farming system is a traditional and main agricultural practice in the eastern part of Ethiopia, where crop grains are produced for food security and residues are for animal feed and domestic fuel consumption. As a result, farmers practice crop residues removal management throughout the cropping seasons. However, there is no adequate information on the impacts of crop residues removal management on soil properties and crop yields under such farming system. ...
ABSTRACT The small agro-processing sub-sector accounts for over 80% of all firms in Tanzania. However, the firms have not been effective in absorbing new labour in the market, as reflected by the unemployment rate, which increased from 5% in 2001to 10% in 2011. The low rate of labour absorption has been partly attributed to the slow growth of small agro-processing firms, which grew by only 10%. Labour productivity also is perceived to be low. Hence firms within the sub-sector have not perfor...
ABSTRACT Despite changing views about what forests are and what values they hold to society, the narrow vision of scientific forestry emphasizing demarcation, mensuration, calculation, and modelling remains hegemonic across most of the World, including in Tanzania. The reproduction of forestry across time and space is the topic of this thesis. The thesis considers reproduction by conceptualizing forestry practices as a product of dispositions (habitus) and encountered situations within the f...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Natural resource use conflicts are a global phenomenon and in Sub-Saharan Africa, such conflicts can be extreme leading to deaths of farmers and pastoralists. The most-reported conflicts over natural resource use occur between farmers versus farmer, pastoralists versus pastoralists, ethnic groups and state and communities to mention a few. Farmers and Pastoralists conflicts are the concern of this study. However, the literature on the effects of conflicts on both well-being...
ABSTRACT Jojoba is a dioecious desert shrub that produces oil of high quality equivalent to that of sperm whale. It is used mainly in the cosmetic and lubrication industry. Currently, there is low production of jojoba globally mainly due to high male to female ratio in the plantations since they are mainly established from seed. To overcome this problem, five experiments were set up with the aim of characterization, propagation and management of jojoba in semi arid areas of Kenya. The exper...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT Graduate unemployment is a long-standing socio-economic problem in Tanzania. Consequently, the government of Tanzania is fostering entrepreneurship programmes in higher education with the assumption that graduates will be empowered in their entry into business. However, few graduates have started their own businesses. The thesis provides reasons for this by measuring entrepreneurial tendencies, assessing determinants of the tendencies, identifying barriers to business star...
ABSTRACT In tropical forests, mammals represent particularly rich communities of species with a variety of trophic groups and wide range of life history traits. This diversity plays a significant role in the functioning of the ecosystems. Yet, tropical forest mammals are negatively affected by a number of factors caused by both natural and anthropogenic activities. However, limited and often not-consistent information is available on the status or trends of mammal communities in tropical...
ABSTRACT In Sub Saharan African countries, there is no or limited information on use of low quality water (LQW), hazards in foodstuffs produced using LQW and their associated health risks to humans, animals and the environment. The objective of this study was to investigate faecal bacterial hazards on low quality water; and foodstuffs produced using LQW in Morogoro, Tanzania. This study assessed the extent of E. coli; antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in Extended Spectrum bet...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate sustainability of water resources management in the Upper Great Ruaha River Catchment (UGRRC) and the impacts of water availability and use dynamics to the downstream river flows. Trend analysis, regime shift analysis, low flow analysis and generation of indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) were among the methods used to investigate variability of rainfall and river flows. Water abstraction and use patterns were investigated thr...
ABSTRACT The study on which this manuscript is based was done along the urban-rural continuum (urban, peri-urban and rural) in Morogoro and Iringa to assess household food access security. Specifically, the study sought to: (1) assess the prevalence of household food access insecurity along the urban-rural continuum, (2) determine constraints to household food access security, (3) examine coping strategies and resilience to food access insecurity along the continuum, and (4) assess the influe...
ABSTRACT The East African Camphor (Ocotea), a canopy tree species and an important component of Chome Nature Reserve (CNR)which used to occupy more than 50% of the forest canopy is seriously declining in density. Although the species is illegally logged for timber, the main concern of ecologists is the declining regeneration and death of individuals in all age classes. Increasing selective logging and tree cutting for fuel wood are implicated to impair recovery of Camphor forests by changing ...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT In spite of numerous initiatives having been taken by the government of Tanzania to see to it that the public servants utilize public resources prudently, misuse of resources in Tanzanian Local Government Authorities (LGAs) is still out of control, which affects LGAs' financial performance. Therefore, the study on which this thesis is based was set to evaluate influence of ethics and financial control measures on financial performance in terms of using public resources effi...