Medical & Health Sciences

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Research Papers/Topics Medical & Health Sciences

Factors Influencing Contact Lenses Uptake among School-Going Children and Teenagers with Myopia Attending Selected Eye Clinics in Kenya

Abstract Objective Contact lens (CL) use for myopia correction among children and teenagers has become a focal point of global interest. Yet, spectacles remain dominant for vision correction in this age group. This study investigated the factors affecting CL uptake among myopic school-going children and teenagers attending Kenyan eye clinics. Study Design Cross-sectional study. Methods A survey conducted across 13 Kenyan eye clinics, involving myopic participants aged 8-19 years. Data collec...

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Abstract/Overview Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally ...

Effect of climatic variability on malaria trends in Baringo County, Kenya

Abstract/Overview Malaria transmission in arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya such as Baringo County, is seasonal and often influenced by climatic factors. Unravelling the relationship between climate variables and malaria transmission dynamics is therefore instrumental in developing effective malaria control strategies. The main aim of this study was to describe the effects of variability of rainfall, maximum temperature and vegetation indices on seasonal trends of malaria in selected he...

A prospective observational description of frequency and timing of antenatal care attendance and coverage of selected interventions from sites in Argentina, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan

Abstract/Overview The Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research is one of the largest international networks for testing and generating evidence-based recommendations for improvement of maternal-child health in resource-limited settings. Since 2009, Global Network sites in six low and middle-income countries have collected information on antenatal care practices, which are important as indicators of care and have implications for programs to improve maternal and child ...

Impact of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease of 2019 as an epidemic and public health emergency of international concern on January 30th, 2020. Different factors during a pandemic can contribute to low quality of life in the general population. Quality of life is considered multidimensional and subjective and is assessed by using patient reported outcome measures. The aim and objective of this review is to assess the impact of coronavirus disease of 2019 and associated...

Knowledge Of Mental Health And Mental Illnesses Among Community Members In Bungoma County, Kenya

Abstract Objective. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge of mental health and mental illness by the community in Bungoma county Kenya. Design. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and Quantitative methods were adopted. Setting. The study was carried out in Bungoma County Sample. Five Sub-Counties in Bungoma County were purposively sampled to increase the representation. The household’s heads were sampled by stratified sampling; the researcher divided the p...

Pain Assessment among African Neonates

Abstract Neonates who require treatment and venous drawing of blood samples in the newborn units are subjected to acute and painfully invasive procedures. Several tools to assess pain among newborns have been developed and are widely used in developed countries, but in Africa, there is limited experience in the assessment pain among newborns. This study assessed physiological and behavioral responses to pain among neonates during invasive procedures performed in a newborn unit in Rwanda. A t...

Alcohol Use Disorders Among HIV and AIDS Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) Comprehensive Care Centre, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract Alcohol has particularly harmful health effects in HIV-infected patients; therefore, HIV clinics are an important setting for integration of routine alcohol screening as an integral component of HIV care.In sub-Sahara Africa, little is known about AUDs among people attending HIV services. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in patients attending CCC at KNH Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study Setting: Comprehensive Care Center, Kenyatta National Hosp...

Socio-Demographic Characteristics of HIV-Infected Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) Comprehensive Care Centre (CCC), Nairobi Kenya

Abstract The Global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic entered its fourth decade with approximately 34 million people living with HIV (PLHIV). The years ago to date, the antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs were been scaled up significantly in the Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the first diagnosis of HIV in Kenya in year 1981, care and treatment efforts for the PLHIV had rapidly expanded and 5.3 million people were accessible to ART. Kenya initiated national campaigns to increase HIV te...

Relationship Between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Attitudes of Nursing Students Toward Psychiatry in Kenya

Abstract There exists disparity between the level of demand for mental health nursing services and the number of psychiatric nurses available. Few students enroll in the psychiatric nursing specialty in Kenya. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of nursing students and their attitudes towards psychiatric nursing. The study was carried out at three universities and five colleges of nursing in Western Kenya among students pursuing...

Experience of Nursing Students in Mental Health Training in Kenya

Abstract Introduction: In Kenya, there are few psychiatric nurses available to provide mental health services. Few students pursue psychiatric nursing specialty. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting psychiatric clinical experience of students of nursing during mental health nursing placement and its influence on the choice of psychiatric nursing specialty training. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 241 partic...

Evaluating Predictive Value of Schistosoma mansoni Prevalence and Infection Intensity in School-Age Children in Estimating Community-Wide Prevalence in Siaya County, Western Kenya

Abstract/Overview Background Various milestones have been set targeting the elimination of schistosomiasis with the vision of “a world free of schistosomiasis” including the 2020 and 2025 goals. Despite the increased control and prevention efforts, schistosomiasis still affects many people, partly because treatment doesn’t cover all at-risk populations. Preventive chemotherapy (PC), the cornerstone of control interventions is primarily inclined toward school age children (SAC), whos...

Dogs Owners’ Perception on the Use of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens L (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae as an Alternative Source of Protein in Dog Food in Kenya

Abstract/Overview In recent years, pet owners have begun to show more consideration for their companion animals, which includes paying more attention to their nutrition. This is thought to be a strategy to protect the welfare and health of their animals. As feed and food, using insects has gained increased interest from industry, investigators, policymakers, and the general public globally. Owing to their rapid biomass turnover and dietary value, consideration of insects to serve as novel...

Putative Functions of Novel Antennae Chemosensory Gene Repertoire of Male Tsetse Fly, Glossina Morsitans Morsitans

Abstract Tsetse fly is a primary vector of Human African Trypanosomiasis and Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Tsetse fly exploits chemical cues from the environment to distinguish a non- from suitable hosts. Genes in tsetse fly antennae code for proteins and receptors that directly or indirectly mediate chemoreception. While chemoreception-associated genes have been annotated, antennal genes in the Glossina. m. morsitans genome with important functions have not been characterized. Antennaespe...

Effect of Adolescents and Sexual Reproductive Health Policy on Girl Child Retention in Public Secondary Schools in Butula Sub-County, Kenya

Abstract The challenge of girls' retention in educational institutions has been identified as a significant obstacle. The inability to maintain the enrollment of female students in secondary schools can be regarded as a squandering of valuable human capital and financial investments made in their primary education, as well as a loss of time invested in their initial enrollment. These young females have the potential to develop into a demographic of women lacking in literacy skills, resulting...


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