Abstract Objective: To measure health-related behaviours and risk factors among sub-Saharan African adolescents. methods Cross-sectional study in nine communities in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Eswatini, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda between 2015 and 2017. Community-representative samples of males and females 10–19 years of age were selected. All communities used a uniform questionnaire that was adapted from the WHO Global School-based Student Health Survey. Weighted prevalence estimate...
ABSTRACT Background: Injecting drug use has created a major international public health problem where on average 6 million people are injecting drugs worldwide. This study aimed to explore the potential of bridging the HIV infection from injection drug users (IDUs) through sexual networks to the general population in Zanzibar. Seek to understand the interplay between injection drug use, sexual behavior and the epidemiological shift in the transmission of HIV infection between key population ...
Background. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men globally. A few studies that have been done in Uganda on survival of patients with prostate cancer indicate that, the overall survival of patients with prostate cancer in Uganda is poor. The aim of this study was to determine the 3-year overall survival rate of a cohort of patients with prostate cancer residing in Kyadondo County who were diagnosed from 2012 to 2014. The secondary objective was to correlate the overall s...
ABSTRACT Fungal diseases are prevalent in fish and have the potential of limiting productivity in aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and determine fungal infections in hatchery with female Rufiji tilapia and their hybrids of male Rufiji tilapia and female Nile tilapia. An experimental study design was conducted to determine the occurrence of fungal infections and to characterize the isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Fish samples were randomly collected from the hatch...
ABSTRACT A six month study was done to investigate the efficacy of Plumpy nut in improving nutritional status of 108 HIV positive pregnant women aged between 15-49 years and who were attending Private and Government Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics at Temeke Municipality. Seventy three (73) subjects received Plumpy nut made from Nutriset, France and thirty five (35) subjects received maize meal made from Azam, Tanzania. The subjects who received Plumpy nut, consumed a sachet of 92 ...
ABSTRACT Cholera, one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases, remains rampant and frequent in Tanzaniaand thus thwartexisting control measures. The current study wasundertaken to evaluate the occurrence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in low quality water, fish and vegetables during the non-outbreak period in Morogoro, Tanzania. From October 2014 to February 2015, 60 wastewater samples, 60 fish samples from sewage stabilization ponds and 60 vegetable samples were collected. Samples were ...
ABSTRACT Haptoglobin gene encodes for an acute phase protein; Haptoglobin and is expressed in three different polymorphic forms, Hp1-1, Hp1-2 and Hp2-2. Various studies on pathogenesis of Malaria maintain that Haptoglobin polymorphism influences host susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum infection. A number of studies provide evidence that, individuals carrying Hp2-2 genotype are resistant to both Malaria infection and development of severe disease although some have shown that no influence...
Abstract There has been an increase in the contracting our of mining activities in undertaking specialised tasks in underground and above ground operations which are of high risk. Subcontracting provides gains in specialisation to the operator and also in terms of economic efficiency. However, contracting has been used as a means of shifting liability for pension and safety and health obligations of union mine operators to other entities. Stakeholders, however, are concerned with the occupati...
ABSTRACT Fishing is one of the main economic activities in Zanzibar. A few fish dealers are transforming this sector into mariculture. Among farmed fish is milkfish. Diseases are among the most important limitations in development of mariculture. Among others, vibriosis, a zoonotic disease of fish caused by bacteria from the genus Vibrio, is reported to cause significant losses in the industry. This study aimed at establishing the occurrence of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ...
ABSTRACT Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the five countries that carry half of the global disease burden. Yet, malaria is an entirely preventable and treatable disease, when currently recommended interventions are properly implemented. Such interventions include confirmation of malaria diagnosis through microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic tests (MRDTs) for every suspected case, even in children under five years of age. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malaria infec...
BSTRACT Anaemia in pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, poor birth outcomes worldwide. Despite national and international efforts to redress this problem, maternal mortality and morbidity rates are far beyond the target of the fifth Millennium Development Goal particularly in developing countries. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence; knowledge and attitude of pregnant women towards control measures of anaemia in Mbulu District, Tanzania. This cross-...
ABSTRACT Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy. It is one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. This study was carried out to determine diet quality and dietary diversity among overweight and obese adults aged 40 years and above working in public and private institutions in Morogoro Municipality. A cross sectional study was conducted in which data ...
Abstract Background: Travel time and healthcare financing are critical determinants of the provision of quality maternal health care in low resource settings. Despite the availability of pregnancy-related mHealth and smart travel applications, there is a lack of evidence on their usage to travel to health facilities for routine antenatal care and emergencies. There is a shortage of information about the feasibility of using a custom-made mobile technology that integrates smart travel and mHea...
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to assess farmers’ awareness as well as to detect and quantify the levels of Aflatoxin B1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farms in Mbarali and Mvomero districts. A total of 36 farmers and extension workers were involved in a questionnaire survey. Ninety two samples, tilapia (n=62), fish feeds (n=10), organic manure (n=10) and pond water (n=10) were collected in February 2013 and assessed for Aflatoxin B1 by a competitive ELISA technique. About 44....
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and sensory quality of extruded peanuts-soybean-cassava composite flakes for rehabilitating acutely malnourished children. The product was formulated from peanuts, soybeans and cassava flour to achieve the desired levels of protein and energy as recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU. The peanuts-soybeans-cassava mixture was extruded to flakes which were then analyzed for nutritional and sensory qualities. Results showed that, extruded peanut-...