Varicocele is a disorder of venous return caused by abnormal enlargement of pampiniform plexus draining the testicles. This condition is common among men seeking medical attention for fertility problems, sexual dysfunction or complains of continuous scrotal discomfort. Varicocele repair has been recommended for varicose patients with such complaints, however, the effect of microsurgical sub-inguinal varicocelectomy on semen parameters, gonadotropins or factors to predict which of the patients...
ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) increases the risk of liver dysfunction and leads to complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The rate of progression of CHB to these complications is attributed to hepato-toxicants, including heavy metals. Some heavy metals such as selenium and zinc have hepatoprotective benefits. However, others such as cadmium, arsenic and lead are hepatotoxic. The aim of this study was to measure the levels of cadmium, arsenic an...