ABSTRACT A comprehensive immunological survey of malaria in rural and urban populations in Ghana is reported. Sera from Ghanaians resident in Ghana and Ghanaian students resident in the United Kingdom and Germany, pregnant women, blood donors and from patients with acute malaria, nephrotic syndrome, tropical splenomegaly, Burkitt's lymphoma, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis and tuberculosis were included. Control sera were obtained from healthy adult Caucasians, Caucasians with connective tiss...