Table of contents Declaratiori .•..................................................................................................................................... i Approval ......................................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgement .............
ABSTRACT Background Premalignant cervical lesions that precede cervical cancers are the highest in low income countries. However, in 2007 Tanzania had reported to have as high as 17 % with 9972 incident cases and 6695 deaths of cervical cancer. There is limited documented close association between individual risk factor(s) and prevalence of the pre-malignant cervical cancer. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine prevalence of premalignant cervical lesions and associated risks fac...
ABSTRACT Background: Cervical dilation at the onset of the active phase of labor determines the rate of cervical dilatation, duration of the active phase of labor and the needs of intervention. Identifying the abnormality toward the natural progress of the active phase of labor is important because timely intervention has been observed to be controversial among developing countries during the current practice among health care providers due to different opinion on the onset of the active pha...
ABSTRACT Background: Pregnancy during teenage is the high risk which is associated with high incidence of complications to the mother and fetus. Worldwide the incidence of teenage pregnancies is reported to range from 8-25% in developing countries due to child marriages. Poor obstetric outcomes have been reported by previous studies. These depend largely on the age of the teenagers and the quality of care she receives. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the magnitude and immediate obstetr...
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Severe anaemia is prevalent in most African countries and is highly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in under-fives. Globally, iron deficiency is responsible for half of all anaemia, In Africa causes like malaria, hookworm and other helminths, other nutritional deficiencies, chronic infections and genetic conditions prevail and these causes differ from place to place. Exhaustive diagnostic evaluation is needed to establish causes of severe anaemia however...
ABSTRACT Background: A worldwide estimated annual case of cervical cancer is 528,000 and ends with 266,000 annual deaths. In developing countries, it accounts for about 85% for both morbidity and mortality. In sub-Saharan Africa the incidence is 25.2%, mortality 23.2% and five-year prevalence is 27.6%. In Tanzania the rate of cervical cancer is 54.4% per 100,000 people a year. This indicates that, cervical cancer is a public health concern in Tanzania. Objective: assessing clinical profile a...
ABSTRACT Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the common complications after cesarean section in Tanzania and other parts of the world. High rates of SSI have been reported in literature with demonstrable multiple drug resistance of the isolates. Identification of isolates and their susceptibility pattern is key to development of evidence-based treatment protocols and effective preventive strategies. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial etiology, ant...
ABSTRACT Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy characterized by the increase of insulin resistance leading to maternal Hyperglycaemia and alteration of newborn blood glucose. Alteration of cord blood glucose level can be used to predict maternal glycemic state. A newborn cord blood glucose level is a characteristic of pregnancy complicated by Gestational diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of GDM globally ranges from 6-13% with 5-9% in subSaharan Africa...
ABSTRACT Background: Primary caesarian section is an operation that is performed for the first time on a pregnant woman. Primary caesarean section is of particular interest because it has an influence on future modes of delivery and is of concern as to what was the indication for procedure in a woman who has never tried her pelvis for vaginal delivery. Objectives: The study intended to determine; prevalence, indications, management outcomes of primary caesarean deliveries and association wit...
ABSTRACT Background: Placenta and umbilical cord are highly specialized organs of pregnancy which support the normal growth and development of the fetus. Any alteration in gross anatomy of the placental appearance, location, number of cotyledons, weight, thickness and circumference and umbilical cord length, entanglement, nuchal cord, cord knots, thickness, insertion and number of umbilical blood vessel may result into adverse fetal outcome such as birth weight, Apgar score and fetal status....
ABSTRACT Background: Group B streptococcus(GBS) infection is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity.It is usually associated with many pregnancy-related complications such as; urinary tract infections and sepsis for maternal and neonatal. Awareness of maternal and neonatal GBS colonization, predictors and antimicrobial susceptibility is essential in determining the rate of transmission and an antibiotic with minimal selective pressure for resistance against GBS. Despite the preva...
ABSTRACT Introduction: Properfilling of partograph improve the quality of obstetric care through early detection of labor related complications and hence reduce maternal and neonatal complications. Appropriate utilization of partograph during labor can significantly reduce the rate of maternal mortality related to labor and delivery.
ABSTRACT Background: Incidence of premature rupture of membranes ranges from 3% to 10% worldwide but higher in Sub-Saharan Africa up to 18%. It is reported to be highly associated with bacterial infections as a consequence causing ascending infections or as a cause of premature rupture of membranes. Different bacterial isolates have been known to colonize the vagina and are associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes as well as the increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance. Objectiv...
ABSTRACT Background: The rate of Cesarean section has been increasing worldwide. In Tanzania the rate has doubled from 3% in 2004/2005 to 6% in 2015/2016. Previous Cesarean section as an indication for repeat Cesarean Section has increased from 7.2% in 2000 to 17% in 2011, repeat cesarean section is associated with long term complications like placenta accrete, hemorrhage, uterine rupture and a high fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Vaginal birth after Caesarean Section (VBAC) is an...
ABSTRACT Background: Excessive nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, (Hyperemesis Gravidarum) HG, is a condition that can occur in early pregnancy. The aetiology is unclear and may be associated with H. Pylori's presence, leading to the extension of symptoms beyond early pregnancy or until delivery. The prevalence of H. Pylori in association with HG is increasingly recognized among developing countries compared to developed countries, while the threatening effect of pregnancy remains questionable...