Summary Human Immuno deficiency virus(HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus share common modes of transmission which include blood borne and the vertical routes. Although, the natural course of does not appear altered by HBV, the rate of liver-related deaths is several times higher among HIV/HBV positive individuals, including pregnant women, need to be aware of this problem. This is a 2-year cross-sectional study that commenced in January 2006, among HIV positive pregnant women were screened for hepati...
ABSTRACT A cross sectional study was carried out in January 2017 with the aim of estimating the seroprevalence of Brucella circulating antibodies, detection of Brucella abortus in raw cattle milk, assess the risk factors for infection and establish the presence and levels of antimicrobial residues in raw milk in Bukombe district, Tanzania. A total of 221 blood samples from purposively selected lactating cows in 17 villages were collected and analysed for Brucella circulating antibodies using...
ABSTRACT In developing countries like Tanzania, vitamin A deficiency remains a public health concern, due to monotonous, cereal-based diets that lack diversity. Evidence from study on Orange Fleshed Sweet Potatoes (OFSP) consumption for improved nutrition in Gairo shows that the diets of a large percentage of households are deficient in vitamin A. Overall objective of the study was to increase contribution of sweetpotato particularly OFSP as a component of dietary intake on improved nutritio...
ABSTRACT Milkfish farming in Zanzibar is at infancy stage, practiced at small-scale levels and faces a number of constraints including fish health problems. The purpose of this study was to assess the milkfish farming practices and possibilities for occurrence of Mycobacterium marinum infection in selected milkfish farms in Zanzibar, Tanzania. A questionnaire survey was administered to 24 milkfish farmers to acquire information on general management system, fish health and related problems. ...
ABSTRACT Malnutrition rates of over 38% among children of age below 5 years have been addressed by interventions like growth promotion and monitoring. The study sought to further address poor nutritional status among children of age below 2 years by supplementing their diet with Roselle juice. Roselle calyx from which the juice was made contains high concentrations of vitamin C, iron and zinc which are highly deficient in diets of children in Magubike village. A randomised single blind desig...
ABSTRACT The consumption of raw milk is a common practice among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities of Tanzania. This behaviour predisposes consumers to the risk of contracting milk-borne and zoonotic diseases. This study was carried out to assess milk quality based on identification of bacterial contaminants indicated by total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and contamination with Brucella and E .coli 0157: H7 microorganisms. The study was carried out along the milk value...
ABSTRACT Cholera is an epidemic disease of major global and public health significance. A cholera outbreak in Kigoma region of Tanzania is reported to be endemic as it occurs almost every year. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, pathogenic markers and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae in sardines, water and phytoplankton in Lake Tanganyika. A total of 120 samples from sardines, water and phytoplankton were collected from October, 2015 to February, 2016. Isola...
ABSTRACT Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children throughout the world.The study aimed at evaluating the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in improving the nutritional status of children 6 to24 months of age in Arusha Municipality. A total of 140 children were enrolled and randomly allocated to two treatments where by 64 children received moringa leaf powder porridge and 76 children received maize porridge and a randomized control des...
ABSTRACT Lindi region has high stunting prevalence (35.2%), and one of the stunting attributors is inadequate intake of micronutrients for children under 2 years old. Therefore, aim of this study was to assess contribution of fish in improving micronutrients contents in complementary foods for children aged 6 to 23 months old children in Lindi Rural. A cross-sectional study was done whereby, an interview was done (through structured questionnaire) to 212 caregivers with children aged 6 to 23...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine iodine status of pregnant and lactating women in Arusha Municipality. Urine and salt samples were collected from a total of 429 respondents who were visiting Themi and Ngarenaro Reproductive and Child Care clinics. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-economic and demographic information from respondents and also wholesale and retail salt traders to ascertain their knowledge about iodised salt and IDD. Results reve...
ABSTRACT The Livestock sector plays a vital role in the economies of many developing countries. It provides food, income, employment and possibly foreign exchange. Consumption and trade of livestock and livestock products in developing countries is rapidly growing however, animal diseases have a permanent threat to livestock keepersand major economic implications both through public and private costs of outbreaks. An example of such diseases is transboundary animal diseases (TADs). One of th...
ABSTRACT Diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in asymptomatic goats is a big challenge towards control of the disease in mixed herds. This is because not all of the available diagnostic methods in cattle are easily applicable and capable of detecting the disease in goats. In this study, two BTB diagnostic tests commonly used in cattle were employed to diagnose BTB in goats. The study established the potency and effiency of conventional comparative intraderma test (CIT) over interferon (IFN)...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actellic Super (pirimiphos methyl) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Field surveys using questionnaire interviews were used to collect sociological data from households that own f ish ponds. The response of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Pseudocholinesterase ( BuChE /PChE) activities in O. niloticus as a result of Organophosphates (OPs) and carbaryl water borne exposure was deter...
ABSTRACT Legumes are important crops for improving food and nutrition security in Africa. However, there are few nutrition researches on lablab beans in Africa, except for programs focusing on improving soil properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional composition of seven varieties of cooked lablab beans grown in Tanzania. The lablab bean varieties both green and dried were cooked then analyzed for chemical composition, cooker-ability and sensory qualities. The parameters...
ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the effect of maturity stage on selected nutrients and anti-nutritional factors in selected indigenous African leafy vegetables namely Amaranths (Madiira Ex zim, and Madiira AM 38), African nightshade (Nduruma BG 16 and Olevolosi SS 49) and Spider plant. Vegetables were planted on plots and harvested at three maturity stages (21, 28 and 35 days). Chemical analyses were done to determine levels of vitamin C, iron and zinc and anti-antinutional factor...