ABSTRACT The current management of HIV and its related opportunistic infections involves use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), however this regimen is characterized by challenges such as toxicity, emergence of drug resistance, mutations, and cost implications because the supply of HAART is donor driven. The quest for alternative medicine has been in progress and crude extracts made from plants obtained from different ecological zones have been explored for their antimicrobial a...
ABSTRACT The growing volume of household solid waste is a concern for public health. The world population in 2016 was 7.3 Million people with a growth rate of 1.14%. This has resulted to increase in consumption rate with a direct effect in the generation of household solid waste. The estimated quantity of Municipal Solid Waste generated worldwide is 1.7–1.9 billion metric tons per year, with 1.2kg/capita/day. In sub-Saharan Africa, generated solid waste is approximately 62 million tons per ...
ABSTRACT Quality is the ability to deliver services that satisfy the consumer’s needs whereas service quality is the ability to meet or exceed customer expectations, providing quality healthcare is an ethical obligation of all healthcare providers and receiving quality care is a right of all patients. Kenya has witnessed general deterioration in health indicators due to rapid population growth, child nutrition problems, poverty, HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infections, malaria, diarrhea, and...
ABSTRACT Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still a global challenge, with the bulk of infection in children being in sub-Saharan Africa. Six thousand six hundred and thirteen (6,613) new infections were reported in Kenya in 2015. In Kisumu County, HIV prevalence (19.9%) is 3.4 times higher than the national (5.9%). Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) coverage in the County is low (60%) with 19.7% children infected in 2015. In 2016, only 3,369 infants were less than 2 months...
ABSTRACT The prevalence of unintended pregnancy in Kenya continues to be high with 43% of all births reported as unintended. A fifth of these births are due to incorrect use of short-term contraceptive methods which are the most popular methods resulting in contraceptive failure. In contrast, studies have shown that Long Acting and Reversible Contraceptive (LARC) method which are least popular have the highest effectiveness, do not depend on users’ adherence and do not require frequent visi...
The prevention of rivers and other water sources from pollution and the protection of public health by safeguarding water supplies against exposure to pollutants and the spread of diseases are the two major foundamental reasons for treating waste water.The conventional methods of treatment are inefficient, costly, unsustainable, outdated and oftenly results in an effluent heavily loaded with pollutants. Excess nitrates and phosphates causes eutrophication of the receiving water bodies and whe...
ABSTRACT Malaria accounts for approximately 21% of all out-patient visits in Kenya annually. Accurate diagnosis is the key to proper treatment of the disease. In Kenya, parasitological testing using either microscopy or malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) are the recommended malaria diagnostic methods. Microscopy is the „gold standard‟ for laboratory diagnosis of malaria, and is the primary method for malaria diagnosis in Kisumu county referral hospital, yet its diagnostic quality has ne...
ABSTRACT Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni), soil-transmitted helminths (STH) and protozoa affect approximately 2 billion people world-wide. Most of these infections occur in developing countries and children below 14 years of age are the most affected. Mbita in western Kenya is one of the regions in which these infections are widely spread. Kato-Katz and formalin-ether concentration (FEC) techniques are widely used for the diagnosis of S. mansoni, STH, and intestinal protozoa infections respec...
Abstract Kenya has one of the highest maternal and child health mortality in Africa. Estimates developed by the UN inter-agency group for child mortality estimation indicate a 2011 infant mortality of 48 per 1000 live births while maternal mortality is estimated at 444 per 100,000 live births. Kisumu West District has one of the poorest maternal and child health indicators while the only measure available is the percentage of health facility based deliveries. There are no indicators for knowl...
ABSTRACT Over 2.8 million deaths annually and 35.8 million (2.3%) of global Disability Adjusted Life Years are attributed to overweight, making it the fifth leading risk for global deaths. In Kenya, 23.1% of the population is estimated to be either overweight or obese and the problem is rapidly increasing. Even though healthcare workers are a group considered well informed of aetiology of overweight/obesity, they have been reported to be disproportionately affected by the same problem. Howeve...
Abstract The prevalence of diverse factors affecting maintenance management determines the impact of such factors on the maintenance of prison facilities. This study investigates factors that affect the maintenance management of prison facilities in South-West, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the prison staff in the maintenance unit of all prisons situated in South-west, Nigeria. The statistical tools employed for the study were percentage, mean scores, kendall's coeff...
ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera is the most widespread species of the genus Moringa, the only genus in the family Moringaceae. It is a very popular plant used in traditional herbal medicine. Different parts of the plant contain a profile of important minerals and phytochemicals. The leaves and seeds are good sources of proteins, vitamins, beta-carotene, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. Study was carried out to check chemical constituents of leaves and seed oil of M. oleifera obtained from Ikor...
ABSTRACT Justification for the requests for homologous blood that accompany major elective maxillofacial surgical procedures is difficult to establish in most cases. This attitude of ordering for cross-matched blood is understandable in today's legal climate, but has led to serious problems in terms of laboratory inefficiency which can no longer be ignored. To evaluate the pattern of ordering and use of homologous blood, and transfusion ratios for major elective maxillofacial surgeries at th...
ABSTRACT Pesticides used in agriculture for the control of various pests often leave residues in foodstuffs and these have been shown to pose health hazards. Analysis of pesticide residues in food is one way to determine the level of human exposure to these chemicals and hence their potential human health hazards. Maize (Zea mays L.) and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) samples purchased from different markets in Lagos State were analyzed for residues of organochlorine, organophosphate and carba...
Abstract Anaemia is a widespread public health problem with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development (WHO 2004). It is defined as a condition characterised by haemoglobin concentration below established normal reference levels that differ according to age, gender, population and other aspects such as the geographical location and altitude (Silver, 2014). Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common type of anaemia. It is characterized by reduced red b...