ABSTRACT Background: The prevalence and mortality due to end stage kidney disease (ESKD) are estimated to be high in Sub-Saharan Africa. Effective haemodialysis reduces complications and promotes better outcomes. Achieving haemodialysis adequacy is challenging in haemodialysis management. In Tanzania, little is known on hemodialysis adequacy in patients with ESKD particularly in Dodoma city. Haemodialysis adequacy refers to the dose of dialysis measured enough to uphold an optimal long-term ...
ABSTRACT Background: Malaria and acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) are the leading infectious causes of febrile encephalopathy in malaria endemic settings. The clinical distinction of the two conditions is complicated by overlap in clinical features. Objective: To determine the clinical predictors for malaria, ABM and treatment outcome in febrile children aged 2 months to 12 years with altered mentation at two tertiary hospitals in Northwestern Tanzania. Methods: Prospective study of 103 ch...
ABSTRACT Background: IPV is among of the most widespread forms of violence now days, about one third of women murdered worldwide are murdered by their intimate partners. Africa, Eastern Mediterranean and Southern Asia are leading region on IPV worldwide with the prevalence of 37%. About 20% of pregnant women in Dodoma region, Tanzania experienced IPV during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the association between intimate partner violence and their associated among pregnant women at M...
ABSTRACT Xn the tropics, hepatitis C virus (BCV) seroprevalence ranges from < 0.2% in whole Africa. A strong association between HCV and hepatitis B surface antigen (jPBPIsAg)-negative chronic liver disease and hepatocellulax carcinoma has been described. Hepatocellular carcinoma (IYCC) 8s one of the mort common cancers among Africans, and in Nigeria by 1970 the'estimated rate was 6.6 per 1Q0,QOO populations per asmum. Sexual tnmsmirsion was regarded as a minor cause of HCV, the degree of whi...
sodiuma b s t r a c tFour natural gums, namely albizia, cissus, irvingia and khaya gums have been characterized and evaluatedas polymers for the formulation of microbeads for controlled delivery of diclofenac sodium. The naturalgums were characterized for their material properties using standard methods. Diclofenac microbeadswere prepared by ionotropic gelation using gel blends of the natural gums and sodium alginate at differentratios and zinc chloride solution (10%w/v) as the crosslinking a...
ABSTRACT The use of starches as natural polymers for pharmaceutical applications remains attractive because they are cheap, readily available, biodegradable and capable of modification (Lawal et al., 2007; Yiu et al., 2008; Okunlola et al., 2010). Native starch is a white powder with a bland taste and flavor, and is insoluble in cold water. Due to the sub-optimal properties of native starches, modifications are efficient methods of improving their suitability as excipients for specific pharma...
ABSTRACT Serological and bacteriological studies were carried out to determine the prevalence of brucellosis among cattle in Benue State, Nigeria; and to determine the level of contamination of fresh bulk herd and fermented milk sold to the public for consumption; as well as detect and characterize the causative agent of bovine brucellosis in the area; and to evaluate a new diagnostic test for brucellosis, the Brucella Lateral Flow Assay (the rapid field test). Serum samples obtained from ca...
ABSTRACT Infectious bursal disease (IBD) causes high morbidity and high mortality among 3 – 6 weeks old chicks. Its occurrence even in vaccinated flocks is a global concern. Passive haemagglutination (PHA) test, a simple and rapid test has been adopted for IBD antibodies but its use for viral titres has not been reported. To modify the test for assessment of viral titres, serial dilutions of a reference IBDV sample were used to sensitize human group O+ red blood cells (RBC) before reacting...
Abstract This study evaluated the anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus L. leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Fresh leaves of the plant were collected from their local habitat in the University of Nigeria, Nsukka environment. The extract was prepared by cold maceration using 80 % methanol at environmental temperature with intermittent sharing for 48 h to obtain a yield of 10.04 % w/w dry Helianthus annuus extract (HAE). The extract was t...
Background. Neglected tropical diseases continue to be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Psychiatric patients are among groups at risk for parasitic infection although control and monitoring programs largely overlook this population. This study aimed at determining prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among patients admitted to a psychiatric facility. Method. The study followed cross-sectional design; all the residin...
ABSTRACT Effect of Aluminium – Magnesium Silicate (AMS) on Avian Influenza Virus was tested in vitro by incubating an isolate of a highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) involved in an outbreak of the disease in Nigeria, with a synthetic AMS. The isolate was a confirmed Influenza virus type A, subtype H5N1. Equal amount of the Virus sample and of the AMS, on volume to weight (v/w) basis, were incubated at room temperature for one hour and then centrifuged at 3000 revolutions per m...
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of a combination of arthemether and diminazene aceturate therapy on experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection in albino rats. Thirty five male albino rats were used for the study. They were randomly assigned to seven groups of five rats each, after acclimatization. The groupings and their specific treatments were as follows: Group A- infected and treated with diminazene aceturate (DA) at the dose of 7.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) once on day 7 post-in...
ABSTRACT Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable complications following surgery cause significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and increased cost of treatment. Very few studies have been published on the efficacy of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of SSIs in our country and the practice is mostly not well established in our hospitals including DRRH. Objective: To determine association between surgical antibiotic prophylaxis practices...
ABSTRACT Background: Raising awareness of women about obstetric danger signs would improve the early detection of problems and seeking timely obstetric care. This study aimed to determine the association between antenatal attendance and knowledge on obstetric danger signs among postnatal mothers in Zanzibar. Method: It was a community-based cross-section study. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants that were postnatal mothers from day 0 up to 42 days. Sample ...
ABSTRACT Background: Client satisfaction is an essential determinant of the quality of services. At a time when efforts to reduce maternal mortality have been stepped up, mother’s satisfaction with institutional delivery services is important for the wellbeing of the mothers and newborns. Little was known on the factors associated with postnatal mothers’ satisfaction with institutional delivery services in Manyara Region. Methodology: A hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study de...