Medical & Health Sciences

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Medical & Health Sciences Research Papers/Topics

Do Frequent Antenatal Care Visits Ensure Access and Adherence to Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy in an Urban Hospital in South West Nigeria?

ABSTRACT The relationship of antenatal clinic (ANC) attendance and factors that could affect intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) uptake among 339 parturient women was examined. Respondents were enrolled over a period of three months in a secondary healthcare facility within 24 hours of delivery. Demographic details, delivery and antenatal history, insecticide treated net (ITN) use, and history of IPTp-Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) use in the index pregnancy were recorded. Finger and heel...

PRESCRIBING ERRORS AND INTERVENTION OUTCOMES IN SELECTED TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Prescribing errors, particularly in the medical and paediatric specialties have been reported globally to affect up to 52.0% of hospitalized patients with potential to cause harm. Prescribing errors have however not been adequately investigated in Nigeria. This study was designed to carry out an in-depth evaluation of the nature, severity and causes of prescribing errors in three purposively selected tertiary hospitals in Nigeria with a view to providing pharmacist-led evidence-base...

Anti-Inflamatory and Analgesic Activities of Securidaca longepedunculata Fers (Polygalaceae) Leaf and Stem Bark Methanolic Extract

ABSTRACT Securidaca longepedunculata Fers (Polygalaceae) is commonly used in many parts of Africa for the treatment of rheumatic conditions, fever, headache and various other inflammatory based diseases. The present study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Securidaca longepedunculata leaf and stem bark methanol extracts using animal model. The anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extracts were evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema in r...

Experiences and Satisfaction With National Health Insurance Scheme Among Non-Teaching Staff of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACT National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) aims to ensure that every Nigerian has access to good health care services at affordable costs. Inspite of the NHIS benefits, poor utilisation rate has been documented in previous studies and out-of-pocket means of payment still remain high. This study was therefore designed to investigate the experiences, level of satisfaction and attitude towards NHIS among Non-Teaching Staff (NTS) of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan (CoMUI), Ibadan...

The Structure and Function of Research. Ethics Committees in Africa: A Case Study

According to international guidelines [1,2] and several nations' laws [3-5], research with humans requires independent ethics committee review. In the United Slates, committees are called institutional review boards (IRBs) [6]; elsewhere they generally are called research ethics committees (RECs). Committees are designed to: provide third party review, thereby minimizing conflicts of interest; protect the welfare of research participants through attention to risks, benefits, and informed cons...

Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I and II Infections in Mother-Child Pairs in Nigeria

A community-based survey to determine the prevalence of human T-cell Iymphotropic type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) virus infections in mothers and children in south-western Nigeria was carried out using blood samples collected in 1993. A multistage cluster, random sampling procedure was used to select 460 mother-child pairs (476 children because there were 16 sets of twills) from 14 enumeration areas. A commercially available, whole HTLV-I lysate antigen-based ELISA method was used to s...

Nurses View on Drug Administration Error and Patient Safety in Health Facilities in the Central Region of Ghana

ABSTRACT Drug administration is a core responsibility of nurses. Medication error occurring during the drug administration process can be attributed to varied effects on patients’ safety, ranging from the errors going undetected to prolonged hospital stays, discomfort and death. It is relevant to identify the extent of drug administration error in the district hospitals in the Central region of Ghana. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses nursing patients admitte...

COMPLIANCE WITH PHYSICIAN COMMUNICATION AND HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AND DIABETIC PATIENTS IN TAMALE TEACHING HOSPITAL

ABSTRACT The study investigated how compliance mediates physician communication and health related quality of life of patients with hypertension or diabetes in the Tamale Teaching Hospital. A cross sectional design was employed and collected data using structured questionnaire and structured interview guide. Using purposive, quota and convenient sampling methods, 211 patients were sampled out of which 148 and 63 were hypertensive patients and diabetic patients respectively for the study. Desc...

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RETENTION IN CARE AMONG PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AT PANTANG HOSPITAL, GHANA.

ABSTRACT Background: For effective outcomes of Anti-retroviral therapy (ART), people who are diagnosed of HIV and linked to care must remain in care and subsequently go through each step of the care continuum. However, persons are lost to follow-up at each stage of the continuum due to reasons including psychological, socioeconomic and health systems ineffectiveness. This study determined the factors associated with Retention of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in care at Pantang Hospital. Meth...

Determination of a Suitable Sensory Protocol(s) to Characterize Frozen Diary-Based Products

ABSTRACT Sensory evaluation is a useful tool in the food and non-food industries. Sensory evaluation of frozen desserts including polyethylene packed ones popularly found in Ghana are greatly affected by serving temperatures. Frozen desserts have been assessed with static methods like Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®) but the temporal perceptions throughout consumptions are rarely covered. With food companies weary of the time intensive nature of descriptive methods like QDA® and cha...

BIRTH WEIGHT AND MORBIDITY AMONGST INFANTS WITH ROTAVIRUS GASTROENTERITIS IN A ROTAVIRUS VACCINE TRIAL IN KASSENA-NANKENA DISTRICT.

ABSTRACT   Background: Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children remains a global public health problem. It is responsible for over 2 million hospitalizations in children less than 5 years. Low birth weight is a known risk factor for several childhood infections and diseases. Over 96% of all low birth weight deliveries occur in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, the relationship between rotavirus gastroenteritis and its burden in terms of morbidity or mortality is unknown.   Objective: to investigat...

TO USE OR NOT TO USE: FACTORS INFLUENCING UTILIZATION OF FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES IN BOMFA SUBDISTRICT, EJISU JUABEN

ABSTRACT Family planning is a cost effective health intervention that has immediate benefits for women, children and families. However, in the Bomfa subdistrict for the past five years, 1997-2001 the family planning acceptor rate has never exceeded 5%. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the factors accounting for this low acceptor rate. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out over a four-week period. A total number of 170 persons, 76% females and 24% males wer...

OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURE AND FINANCIAL COPING STRATEGIES FOR MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES AT GA SOUTH MUNICIPAL HOSPITAL

ABSTRACT Background: In 2017, there were 425 million people living with diabetes globally, while in Ghana, the number of adults with diabetes was 518,400. The International Diabetes Federation revealed that patients with diabetes have health expenses of 673 billion USD annually. In Ghana, financial and non-financial cost associated with diabetes accounts for over two-thirds of household‘s income. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine out-of-pocket payments and financial co...

ISONIAZIDE PREVENTIVE THERAPY UPTAKE AMONGST CHILD CONTACTS OF ADULTS DIAGNOSED WITH SMEAR POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN SELECTED HEALTH FACILITIES IN DOUALA, CAMEROON

ABSTRACT Background: Childhood tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Despite clear evidence that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) can reduce the risk of progression from TB infection to disease in TB contacts, uptake of IPT in children is low and IPT delivery is a challenge in many resource-limited settings with high TB-burden. Furthermore, the IPT initiation rates amongst child TB program implementation settings in Cameroon h...

HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AND PRESENTATION OF BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN VISITING THE CAPE COAST TEACHING HOSPITAL

ABSTRACT Breast cancer has been identified as a leading malignancy and one of the most common causes of hospital admission among women. According to hospital records at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital most women visiting the breast clinic delay their presentation of breast cancer symptoms. This study therefore examined the health seeking behaviour and late presentation among patients with breast cancer visiting the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. A descriptive quantitative study was employed. ...


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