ABSTRACT Introduction: Ethambutol (EMB) has been discovered as an anti-tuberculosis drug since 1960, and is now very important in treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis which is on a rise due to emergence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. However, EMB has been associated with severe side effects including optic neuropathy with no preventive and treatment measures. Purpose: To establish the protective potential of Lantana trifolium ethanolic extract against EMB induced optic nerve change...
ABSTRACT Financial models today rely on assumptions that make them insufficient in many real cases. The Geometric Brownian Motion model is assumed as a process for stock prices frequently. The study examined whether the behavior of weekly and monthly returns series of some selected equities listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange can be modeled with the Geometric Brownian Motion(GBM). The Augmented Dickey Fuller, Shapiro-Wilk, Ljung-box and some graphical methods are some statistical methods used...
ABSTRACT The presence of toxic metals such as lead and Cadmium in the environment has been a source of worry to environmentalists, government agencies and health practitioners. This is mainly due to their health implications since they are non-essential metals. Heavy metals are associated with various soil components in various ways and the various associations can determine the reactivity, mobility and bioavailability of the metals. The primary objective of the present study was to determine...
Abstract Knowledge of differential and integral cross sections for electron-atom or electron-ion collision is very important in the study of astrophysics, plasma physics and laser development. So it is essential to make studies of differential and integral cross sections for electron atom collision either experimentally or theoretically. In this study the Distorted Wave Method has been applied to calculate the differential and integral cross sections for elastic scattering of electrons by a m...
ABSTRACT Tea is one of the major cash crops in Kenya and a means of livelihood to people living around the region where it is grown. Branch and collar canker disease is among the many diseases which affect the crop hence reducing its production. Methods used to control the disease mainly involve the use of chemical fungicides which are toxic and not environmentally friendly. This study was therefore done to determine the use of plant products and extracts to manage the disease. Among the prod...
ABSTRACT Amaranthus is a pseudocereal that has its origin in Mexico, South America. It is commonly known as ‘terere’ in Kenya and is mostly used as leaf vegetable. It is fast gaining interest in Kenyan population as a grain due to its ability to adapt to different environments thus can be grown in semi-arid areas, its fast maturity time of 45-75 days, its high economic value and its vital nutrient composition. Amaranth is found to flourish in hot and dry climates where other cereals are d...
ABSTRACT Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (Brown Ear tick) is an efficient vector of Theileria parva the aetiological agent of East Coast fever (ECF) in cattle. Currently, ECF threatens about 28 million cattle in eastern, central and southern Africa. Control of this tick has largely depended on synthetic acaricides. The use of these chemicals for tick control has however, been compromised by increased cases of tick resistance, high cost of the acaricides and concerns over environmental pollution ...
ABSTRACT Asset-based lending companies and other loan providers are exposed to risk of loan defaults by borrowers. To reduce this risk, these companies acquire credit insurance. Thus when the borrower defaults in payment, the insurance company covers a percentage of the outstanding balance which generates a way to lessen and spread credit risk that the lender incurs. Therefore there are a number of methods put in place such as frequency-serverity and hazard rate models used to value credit in...
ABSTRACT This study examines the long-run equilibrium relationship and the direction of causality between stock prices at Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) and a set of five stock market oriented factors technically can be defined as microeconomic variables. The study employs time series data comprising of the stock prices of listed companies for the period spanning from April 1998 to April, 2013 and key microeconomic variables, benchmarks of corporate performance, obtained from the annual financial...
The study examines the relation between inflation and some key macroeconomic variables such as money supply, interest rate, exchange rate, and GDP in Ghana. These macroeconomic variables are obtained from the Bank of Ghana spanning through January 1990 to December 2014. Data obtained were on monthly basis. However, it is only the GDP which was an annual data but had been transformed into monthly data. We use the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) technique; the Granger Causality Test Techniqu...
In this thesis, we model non-life insurance claims by using the two-parameter Negative Binomial (NB) and three-parameter Discrete Generalised Pareto (DGP) distributions. Data from National Insurance Commission (NIC) on Reported and Settled Claims counts for the period 2012 - 2016 were considered. The maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was adopted to fifit Negative Binomial and Discrete Generalised Pareto to the count data. In the latter case, the estimation involved two steps. First, th...
ABSTRACT The study explores the modelling of asset returns in portfolio as a stochastic process which exhibits mean reversion towards the long-term stationary mean. This can be thought of as if an asset return is connected to its long-run mean with a spring which pulls the asset return towards the long-run mean. The study investigates the stochastic nature of two assets returns by use of autoregressive and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) processes to illustrate the features of the assets weekly retur...
ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of exchange rate and inflation on stock market returns in Ghana. Monthly inflation and exchange rate data obtained from the Bank of Ghana and monthly market returns computed from the GSE all-share index from January 2000 through to December 2013 was used. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration technique, the Error correction parametization of the ARDL model and Markov transition probabilities were used in unveiling this dynamics. The A...
ABSTRACT Ruin basically occurs to an insurance company when the claims paid out supersedes its initial capital and total premiums accumulated. In the classical theory of risk, the surplus is a significant model that deals with how long an insurance company's capital or surplus evolves. The first time ruin occurs is very crucial and the business must try to prevent it from happening again because it makes the business inefficient and inoperable. The time to ruin is so much a function of the ...
ABSTRACT The study sought to demonstrate how credibility claim costs without the consideration of claim frequency and claim severities underlined by different risk profiles underestimate claim costs or premiums charged policyholders by non-life insurance companies. We used secondary data of non-life marine insurers in Ghana, claim histories that range from the period of 2013 to 2018. The claim histories included claim sizes, claim counts and policy counts. Bühlmans-Straub Credibility theory...