Five Child-killer Diseases and Under-five Mortality in Yola Adamawa State, Nigeria (2001-2015)

Abstract The study was set out to investigate the prevalence of the five-child killer diseases and its cause effect on under-five mortality. It was driven by four major objectives; Determining the prevalence rate of the five child-killer diseases; Determining the proportion of mortality due to the five child-lciller diseases to the total under-five mortality in the studying area; Examining the correlation between the five child-killer diseases and under-five mortality and Determining the cause effect of the five child-killer diseases on under-five mortality. The study used an entirely quantitative approach using secondary data between 2001 and 2015 obtained from the document of Adamawa state, Primary Health Care Development Agency (PHCDA). Data was collected regarding the number of children immunized, diseases and deaths due to Pneumonia, Diarrhoea, Measles, Tetanus, Polio and overall under-five mortality within that timeframe. The study used uni-variate descriptive analytical tools, measures of prevalence rate per a thousand, measures of proportionality, con-elation analysis and regression tools for analysing and developing a model for describing the data. The results indicate that the prevalence rates have generally been decreasing with Pneumonia recording the highest prevalence and Tetanus recording the lowest prevalence. Polio was excluded from the analysis because it did not register any incidences or deaths. The data also showed that pneumonia and dianhoea recorded the highest proportion of deaths while tetanus and measles recorded the lowest. The correlation matrix revealed that Pneumonia, Measles and Tetanus had strong positive and significant conelations with under-five mortality while diarrhoea had a weak positive and insignificant correlation. The regression model showed that there is a strong positive and significant relationship between Pneumonia and mortality and a weak non-significant relationship between diarrhoea and mortality. Furthermore, there was a strong but non-significant relatibnship between measles and mortality and a weak non-significant relationship between tetanus and mortality. The four variables explained 72.02 percent of the variation in overall mortality and the overall model was very significant. Due to high incidences of pneumonia and dianhoea, the study made some recommendations and conclusions 

Table of Contents

Declaration .ii

Approval iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgements v

List of Acronyms vi

Table of Contents vii

List of tables x

List of figures xi

Abstract xii

CHAPTER ONES 1

INTRODUCTION 1

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Back ground of the study 1

1.1.1 Historical perspective 1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective 2

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective 3

1.1.4 Contextual perspective 3

1.2 Statement of the problem 4

1.3 General objective of the study 4

1.4 Specific objectives 4

1.5 Hypothesis 5

1.6 Research questions 5

1.7 Scope of the study 5

1.8 Significance ofthe study 6

VII

CHAPTER TWO .7

LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.0. Introduction 7

2.1. Theoretical review 7

2.1.1. Demographic Transition Theory 7

2.1.2. Malthusian theory 7

2.2. Conceptual Frame Work 8

2.3. Review of related literature of five child-killer diseases 9

2.4 Study gaps 15

CHAPTER THREE 17

METHODOLOGY 17

3.0 Introductioiv 17

3.1 Research design 17

3.2 Data Source 17

3.3 Data collection 18

3.4 Diagnostics tests 18

3.4.1 Tests for normality 18

3.4.2 Tests for multicollinearity 18

3.4.3 Tests for homoscedasticity 19

3.4.4 Tests for autocorrelation 19

3.5 Method of data analysis 19

3.5.1 Descriptive statistics 20

3.5.2 To detennine the prevalence rate of the five child-killer diseases 20

3.5.3 To detennine the proportion of mortality due to the five child-killer diseases to the total

under-five mortality 20

3.5.4 To examine the correlation between the five child-killer diseases and under-five

mortality 20

3.5.5 To examine the cause effect of five child-killer diseases on under-five mortality 21

VIII

CHAPTER FOUR .23

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND FINDINGS 23

4.0. Introduction 23

4.1. Description of the variables 23

4.2. To determine the prevalence rate of the five child-killer diseases 32

4.3. To deteniiine the proportion of mortality due to the five child-killer diseases to the total

under-five mortality 39

4.4. To examine the correlation between the five child-killer diseases and under-five

mortality 41

4.5. To examine the cause effect of the five child-killer diseases on under-five mortality 42

4.6 Regression model for future forecast of under-five mortality 44

4.7 Diagnostic test 45

4.7.1 Normality test 45

4.7.2 Multicollinearity test 45

4.7.3 Homoscedasticity and auto-correlation test 46

CHAPTER FIVE 47

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47

5.1. Discussion of findings 47

5.2. Conclusion 50

5.3. Recommendations 51

5.4. Suggestions for further study 51

5.5 Contribution to knowledge 52

References 53

Appendix 57