Flood Mapping and Risk Assessments by Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing

ABSTRACT Flood is one of the most destruction natural hazards which lead to the loss of lives, properties and resources. It has therefore become important to create easily read, rapidly accessible flood hazard map, which will prioritize the reduction effects . This paper addresses the need for an efficient and cost-effective methodology for preparing floodhazard maps in part of Khartoum statethrough drawing a map showing the flooded areas on either side of the White Nile to the four zones: - the first zone shows the high risk areas, second zone shows the medium risk areas, third zone shows the low risk areas and fourth zone shows the areas outside the danger area. The study also found to assess the amount of damage caused by the flooding of residential houses and agricultural land, using geographic information system software and Land Sat images for different periods of drought and flooding times as well as the Digital Elevation Model . Thus contributing to decreasing the damage caused by the flood, and to provide new data for planners, and the development of plans for the management of flood disasters and early warning for areas that will be at risk.

TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................V

VI............................................................................................................................ المستخلص

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............................................................................................VII

TABLE OF CONTENT.....................................................................................................VII

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ IX

LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................. IX

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………..…………………IX

CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 General review ........................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Thesis Objectives.................................................................................................... 3

1.4 Thesis layout ........................................................................................................... 3

CHAPTER TWO.................................................................................................................. 4

LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

2.1 Flood........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.2History of Flooding………………………………………………….………………………………………………………………5

2.3 Forms of Floods...................................................................................................... 5

2.3.1River Floods ……………………………………………………………5

2.3.2Coastal Floods…………………………………………………………..6

2.3.3Urban Floods……………………………………………………………6

2.3.4Flash Floods……………………………………………………………..6

2.4 Causal Factors of Flooding…………………………………………………………….…………………………………….7

2.5Flood Effects ………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………..9

2.5.1Primary effects…………………………………………………………9

2.5.2Secondary and long-term effects…………………………………………………………………………….9

2.6Flood Benefits……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Error!

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viii

2.7Flood control …………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….Error!

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2.8Flood forecasting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..Error!

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2.9Flood

map…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...Error!

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2.10Geographic information

systems…………………………………………………………………………………….Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.11DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL…………………………….…………….………Error!

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2.12LAND

SAT………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Error!

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CHAPTER THREE………………………..……………………………………...20

METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………...20

3.1 Study area ............................................................................................................. 20

3.2 Source of data ....................................................................................................... 21

3.3 Steps of the design of the proposed........................................................................ 21

3.3.1Data collection………………………………………………………...21

3.3.2Data processing………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………24

3.3.3Data Analysis………………………………………………………….29

CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................................................... 40

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 39

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION............................................................................... 43

6.1 Conclusion ...............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2 Recommendation......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

REFERENCES ...................................................ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.