Igad in Intra-State Conflict in Upper Nile, South Sudan

ABSTRACT 

The study on the role of IGAD in Intra-State Conflict was carried out from Upper Nile State of South Sudan. The study was guided by four specific objectives: (i) To establish the role of IGAD in promoting peace and security in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State, South Sudan; (ii) To examine the effects of intra-state conflict on peace and security in Upper Nile State1 South Sudan; (iii) To identify the challenges faced by IGAD in promoting peace and security in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State, South Sudan; and (iv) To examine the possible measures to the challenges faced by IGAD in promoting peace and security in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State1 South Sudan. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study using a sample size of 108 participants who were interviewed individually and in Focus Group Discussions. Study findings revealed that IGAD performs the role of capacity building in the Horn of Africa and networking with other regional blocs in peace security; the conflict has brought economic crises in the region and greatly affected investment and rendering people homeless as well as refugees; funding is one of the challenges faced by IGAD and the lack of impartiality by member states; and reconciliation being one of the measures used among warring parties. The study recommends that the warring communities should always undertake the initiative to solve their problems without influence of external actors who have their own agendas and the need for IGAD to network with African Union force in beefing up security.

TABLE Of CONTENTS

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ................................................................................................................ ii

DEDICATION ........................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS .. , ............... ,, ........................................................................... V

LIST OF TABLES ....... ,,, ............................ , ................................................................ ix

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................ x

ABSTRACT .................................. , .................................... xi

CHAPTER ONE ........................······· .......... 1

INTRODUCTION .............. ! ,, ............. 1.,, .................................................. 1

l .0 introduction ....................... , .............. , .......... , ..................................................... ~- I 1

1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of the Study ..................................................................................... 2

1.1.1 Historical Perspective .... , ...... ,,, ... ~ ······••1•• .. ······· ............................. , .... , .... , .. 11••········ 2

1.1. 2 Theoretica I Perspective ... , ................................................................................. 8

1. 1.3 Conceptual Perspective .............. , ............................................................... , .... ,. 10

1.1.4 Contextual background ................................................................................... 11

1.2 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................. 13

1.3 Purpose of the Study ......................................................................................... 14

1.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................ 14

1.5 Research Questions ........................................................................................... 15

1.6 Scope of the Study ............................................................................................ 15

1.6.1 Geographical Scope ........................................................................................ 15

1.6.2 Theoretical Scope ..................... ; ..................................................................... 15

1.6.3 Time Scope .................................................................................................... 16

1.6.4 Content Scope ............................................................................................... 16

1.7 Significance of the Study ................................................................................... 16

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................... 17

LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 17

2.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 17

2.1 Theoretical review ............................................................................................. 17

2.1.1 Realist Theory ................................................................................................ 17

2.1.2 Game Theory ................................................................................................. 19

2.2 Inter State Conflict in Africa ............................................................................... 19

2.3 The challenges faced by Regional Organizations in Promoting Peace and Security in intra-state conflict in Africa ............................. 27

2.4 Possible measures to the challenges faced by IGAD in intra-state conflict ............. 32

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................. 36

METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 36

3.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 36

3.1 Research design ................................................................................................ 36

3.2 Study population ............................................................................................... 36

3.3 Sample size ...................................................................................................... 37

3.4 Sampling Procedures ......................................................................................... 37

3.5 Research Instrument ......................................................................................... 38

3.6 Validity and reliability ........................................................................................ 38

3. 7 Data Gathering Procedures ................................................................................ 38

3. 7.1 before the administration of the questionnaires ................................................ 38

3.7.2 After data collection ....................................................................................... 39

3.8 Data analysis .................................................................................................... 39

3.9 Ethical Considerations ....................................................................................... 39

3.10 Limitations to the Study ................................................................................... 40

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 41

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ..................................... .41

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 41

4.1 General information .......................................................................................... 41

4.1.1 The role of IGAD in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State, South Sudan ........... 42

4.4.2 Effect of intra-state conflict on peace and security in South Sudan .................... 46

4.4.3 Challenges faced by IGAD in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State, South Sudan ................................................................ 47

4.4.4 Measures to the challenges faced by IGAD in intra-state conflict in Upper Nile State, South Sudan ................................................ 49

CHAPTER FIVE ................................................................................................... 51

DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................. 51

5.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 51

5.2 Discussions ....................................................................................................... 51

5.3 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 54

5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................. 56

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 57

Appendix I: Interview Guide for the Respondents ..................................................... 62