IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON WATER RESOURCES; A CASE STUDY OF HOIMA MUNICIPALITY HOIMA DISTRICT, UGANDA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

APPROVAL ii

DEDICATION iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE 1

INTRODUCTION i

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background of the study 1

1.1. 1 Historical perspective 1

1.1.2 Theoretical perspective 4

1.1.3 Conceptual perspective 5

1.1.4 Contextual perspective 8

1.2 Problem Statement 8

1.3 Study Objectives 9

1.3.1 Research questions. 9

1.4Justification of the study 9

1 .5 Scope of the study 9

1.5.1 Geographical Scope 9

1.5.2 Time scope 10

1.6 Conceptual &ame work 10

CHAPTER TWO 11

LITERATURE REVIEW 11

2.0 Introduction .11

2.1 Theories of Urbanization .11

2.2 Urbanization 15

2.3 Characteristics of urbanization 17

2.3.1 Primary production and urbanization 19

2.3.2 Secondary activities and urbanization 20

2.3.3 Tertiary production and urbanization 20

2.4 Impacts of urbanization on water resources 20

2.5 Ways of and managing water resources 22

CHAPTER THREE 24

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 24

3.0: Introduction 24

3.1 Research Design 24

3.2 Target Population 24

3.3 Sample Size, Procedures and techniques 24

3.4 Data Sources 25

3.4.1 Primary source 25

3.4.2 Secondary source 25

3.5 Data collection Instruments 25

3.6 Data analysis 25

3.7 Ethical Considerations 26

3.8 Limitations faced during the study 26

CHAPTER FOUR 27

PRESENTATION, DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS 27

4.0 Introduction 27

4.1 Socio-Demographic characteristic of the Respondents 27

4.2 Knowledge about Urbanization 31

4.3 Distribution of urban / human Activities and Water Resource 32

CHAPTER FIVE .41

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENENDATION 41

5.0 Introduction 41

5.1 Summary of findings 41

5.1.1 The level of knowledge about urbanization 41

5.1.2 The common human activities that affect water resources in Hoirna municipality 41

5.1.3 The impacts of human activities on water resources in Hoima municipality 42

5.2 Conclusions 42

5.3 Recommendations 43

5.4 Suggested Further Research 44

REFERENCES 45

A map of Floima district showing the location of Hoirna municipality 48

ABSTRACT 

The study assessed the impacts of urbanization on water resource in Hoirna municipality, it answered three study objectives that included: To find out characteristics of urbanization, examine the impact of urbanization on water resources and possible ways of conserving and managing the existing water resources. The study used cross-sectional research design where both qualitative and quantitative were used and a total of 102 respondents was chosen as the sample size, this was determined using solvene formula. The study considered two types of data namely, primary and secondary data, which were obtained through, questionnaires, interviews and review of relevant literature of scholarly materials. In Uganda, especially in Hoima Municipality Hoima District, the impact of urbanization on the water resources has greatly increased in recent years due to uncontrolled and poorly managed human activities such as poor waste management, establishment of urban agriculture in wetlands and among others water resources that have been one of the environmental resources that have benefited Uganda in tenns of development (urbanization) but however, this has affected their quality and the quantity hence leading to severe environment problems. The study findings were mainly presented using frequencies and percentages which were late presented inform of bar graphs, frequency distribution tables , the urbanization characteristics of the study area included settlement (residential) and commercial, Urban agriculture, trade and commerce, and among others, The dominant water resources that were outlined in the study area included ; wetlands, streams, wells, aquifers and rivers. On the other hand, the impacts of urbanization on water resources included; pollution, total dry off decline in productivity and loss of biodiversity. Also the possible ways of conserving the existing water resources included proper urban planning, creating awareness, proper waste management, public education and protection laws and acts, findings indicated that there was a strong negative relationship between urbanization and water resources in the study area. The study has made recommendation including; increasing sensitization to the public, extending free waste storage facilities and services, advocacy of effective policies promoting greater transparency in response to public concerns and promoting proper urban planning.