INVESTIGATION INTO THE SUITABILITY OF SAND AND GRAVEL MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page i

Declaration ii

Certification iii

Dedication iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of contents vi

Abstract vii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction 1

1.1 Statement of the problem 1

1.2 Aim and objectives 2

1.2.1 Objectives of the study 2

1.3 Justification of the study 2

1.4 Scope of study 3

1.5 Methodology 3

CHAPTER TWO

2.0 Literature review 4

2.1 Cement 6

2.1.1 Properties of cement 7

2.2 Water 8

2.3 Sand 8

2.4 Granite 9

2.5 Grading of aggregate 9

2.6 mix proportion method 9

CHAPTER THREE

3.0 Research methodology 10

3.1 Mold acquisition 10

3.2 Quantity of materials needed for a concrete cube 10

3.2.1 Procedure uses 13

3.3 Mix design 14

3.3.1 Sorting and mixing procedure 14

3.4 Sieve size analysis 15

3.4.1 Sieve analysis test 15

3.4.2 Preparation for sieve analysis test 16

3.4.2.1 Procedure for sieve analysis test 16

3.5 Concrete slump test 16

3.5.1 Principle of slump test 17

3.5.2 Apparatus 17

3.5.3 Procedure for slump test 17

3.5.4 Limitation of the slump test 18

3.5.5 Differences in standard 18

3.6 Compressive strength test 18

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 Result and discussion 28

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0 Conclusion and recommendation 32

References 32

ABSTRACT

This report comprises the use of aggregate both fine and coarse aggregate in the production of concrete, these coarse aggregate are strong in compressive strength of concrete. The coarse and fine aggregate that posses both physical and mechanical properties in the production of concrete which in a correct proportion to give desire strength of the concrete. The mixing ratio that was used is 1:2:4 which known as pure mixing and the other ratio is ratio 1:3:6. 1:2:4 gives 1 head pan of cement with 2 head pan of sharp sand or fine aggregate while 4 head pan for coarse aggregate. After the production of the casted cube, curing was carried out. The duration of the curing is 7 days, 14 days, 28 days. After the curing days, compressive strength test was performed to determine the suitability of the sand and gravel materials in the strength of concrete generally used in the building construction.