ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to isolate, characterize and identify Aeromonas spp. from Irrigation water and vegetables. Water and vegetable samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological analysis.
Physicochemical parameters such as pH, Temperature, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen and Biological Oxygen Demand were determined using standard methods for water samples only. Microbiological parameters such as Total Coliform count (TC), Faecal Colifom count (FC) and Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) were determined using spread plate for both water and vegetable samples. Antibiotic Susceptibility pattern were determined using double disc diffusion method.
Heterotrophic plate count, total coliform count and faecal coliform count were analyzed using R2A, m-Endo and m-Fc agar respectively. Spread plate technique was employed for isolation of Aeromonas spp. from water and vegetable samples using Aeromonas agar base. Aeromonas spp. isolated were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates were determined using disc diffusion method. A total of 13 water and vegetable samples were collected. Physicochemical studies shows that the highest mean pH of 7.6±0.00 was recorded in the first sampling while the lowest pH value of 6.55±0.05 was recorded in the second sampling. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) had the highest value of 201±0.00mg/mL in the fourth sampling at Ede road and the lowest TDS value recorded was 152±0.31mg/mL in the second sampling, also at Ede road. The highest mean temperature was 36.00±0.00OC recorded three times, twice at Ede road, in the second and fifth sampling and once at Opa in the second sampling. The lowest mean DO recorded was 2.50 0.06mg/L from the first sampling while the highest mean DO recorded was 6.50mg/L from the first sampling in Opa and Ede road respectively. The lowest mean BOD recorded was 1.97 0.05mg/mL recorded at fifth sampling at Ede road while the highest mean BOD recorded was 2.78±0.57mg/mL from Ede road during the third sampling. The mean HPC of the water samples obtained at the Ede road range from 0.97 0.27 to 3.40±0.05CFU/mL, for vegetable sample, HPC range was between 1.23±0.15 to 3.4±0.58CFU/mL while that of the water samples obtained from Opa were between the range of 2.10±1.20 CFU/mL and 3.77±0.05 CFU/mL, for vegetable sample, the HPC range was between 0.9±0.51to 3.33CFU/mL. The mean TC of the water samples obtained from Ede road range from 1.97±0.07CFU/mL to 2.95±CFU/mL and between 0.10±0.12 to 1.86±0.54CFU/mL for vegetable samples, while the TC obtained from Opa was between the range of 0.05±0.01 CFU/mL and 3.09±0.47 CFU/mL, and between 0.12±0.00 to 3.30±0.44CFU/mL for vegetable samples. The mean of the FC obtained at the Ede road range from 1.10±0.15CFU/mL and 2.39±0.05CFU/mL. For vegetable samples, FC range was between 0.48±0.12 to 3.44±0.84CFU/mL while that of the water samples obtained from Opa were between the range of 0.15±0.04 CFU/mL and 3.33±0.01CFU/mL. For vegetable sample, FC range was between 0.1±0.00 to 3.45±0.04, which is higher than the acceptable standard. A total of 17 Aeromonas isolates were obtained from water and vegetable samples, 94%, 94%, 94%, 29%, 94%, 94%, 94% of different aeromonas isolates were resistant to Cefuroxime, Nitroimidazole, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefaroxine and Cetazidine respectively. 100%, 6%, were susceptible to Ofloxacin and Augmentin respectively. This study reveals that’s both irrigation water sources (Ede road and Opa) are contaminated and not suitable for irrigation purposes.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Abstract vii
Table of Content viii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 Aims and Objectives 3
1.2 Literature Review 4
1.2.1 Irrigation 4
1.2.2 Problems of Irrigation 4
1.2.3 Vegetables 5
1.2.4 Aeromonas species 6
1.2.5 Clinically Important Aeromonas species 7
1.2.6 Epidemiology of Aeromonas species 8
1.2.7 Clinical Infections caused by Aeromonas spp. 9
1.2.7.1 Gastrointestinal Infections 9
1.2.7.2 Extraintestinal Infections 10
CHAPTER TWO
MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Materials 11
2.2 Culture 11
2.3 Reagents 11
2.4 Preparation of Media and Sterilization of Materials 11
2.5 Sample Collection 12
2.5.1 Description of Study Area 12
2.5.2 Water Collection 13
2.5.3 Vegetables Collection 13
2.5.4 Handling and Transportation 13
2.6 On-Site Parameters 13
2.6.1 Surface water temperature 13
2.6.2 pH 14
2.6.3 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 14
2.7 Off-Site Assessment Parameters 14
2.7.1 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 15
2.7.2 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 16
2.8 Microbiological Analysis 17
2.8.1 Enrichment of Medium 17
2.8.2 Water 17
2.8.3 Vegetable Sample 17
2.8.4 Spread plate techniques 18
2.8.5 Heterotrophic plate count 18
2.8.6 Total Coliform 18
2.8.7 Faecal Coliform 19
2.9 Biochemical Tests 19
2.9.1 Gram staining 19
2.9.2 Oxidase Test 20
2.9.3 Salt Tolerance Test 20
2.9.4 Indole Test 20
2.9.5 Urease Test 20
2.9.6 Catalase Test 20
2.9.7 Simmons Citrate Test 21
2.9.8 Motility Test 21
2.9.9 Gas of Glucose 21
2.9.10 Voges Proskauer Test 22
2.9.11 Lysine decarbohyxylase Test 22
2.9.12 Arginine decarbohyxylase Test 22
3.0 Antiobiotic Sensitivity 22
CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Sample Collection and Site 24
3.2 Sanitary Survey 24
3.3 Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water Collected from both Sampling Sites 24
3.3.1 pH 24
3.3.2 Temperature 24
3.3.3 Total Dissolved Solid 24
3.3.4 Biological Oxygen Demand 25
3.4 General Bacteriological Analysis of Water 27
3.4.1 Heterotrophic Plate Count 27
3.4.2 Total Coliform 27
3.4.3 Faecal Coliform 27
3.5 Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Isolates 30
3.6 Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates 30
3.7 Correlation between HPC in Water and in Vegetable ae Opa 33
3.8 Correlation between HPC in Water and in Vegetable at Opa 33
3.9 Percentage Occurrence of Isolates 36
CHAPTER FOUR
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion 40
4.2 Conclusion 44
4.3 Recommendation 44
4.4 Appendix I 52
4.5 Appendix II 53
4.6 Appendix III 57
Hope, A. (2018). Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas SPP. from Amarantus SPP. and Irrigation Water. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/isolation-and-characterization-of-aeromonas-spp-from-amarantus-spp-and-irrigation-water
Hope, Arowolo "Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas SPP. from Amarantus SPP. and Irrigation Water" Afribary. Afribary, 07 Mar. 2018, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/isolation-and-characterization-of-aeromonas-spp-from-amarantus-spp-and-irrigation-water. Accessed 10 Nov. 2024.
Hope, Arowolo . "Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas SPP. from Amarantus SPP. and Irrigation Water". Afribary, Afribary, 07 Mar. 2018. Web. 10 Nov. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/isolation-and-characterization-of-aeromonas-spp-from-amarantus-spp-and-irrigation-water >.
Hope, Arowolo . "Isolation and Characterization of Aeromonas SPP. from Amarantus SPP. and Irrigation Water" Afribary (2018). Accessed November 10, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/isolation-and-characterization-of-aeromonas-spp-from-amarantus-spp-and-irrigation-water