Job Security and Employee Performance in a Selected Funded Local Ngo, Rwanda: The Case Of A.E.E Rwanda

ABSTRACT As purpose, this thesis explores what extent the employees in local NGOs (NonGovernmental Organizations) are secured and the impact of this security on their performance in their organization. In addition, this research generated and validated new information that will serve more to improve employees' job security and employees performance in Rwandese local NGOs. The objectives were to determine the level of job security in the selected Rwandese local NGO, examine if the selected local NGO apply employees' performance improvement techniques in Rwanda, determine the level of employees' performance in the selected Rwandese local NGO and to establish the significant relationship between the job security and employee performance in the selected NGO in Rwanda. Concerning the research design, the aim of the study was to find out how two variables (job security and employees performance) relate or differ. That is why a descriptive survey design especially descriptive comparative and descriptive correlation strategies have been used. The targeted group was 132 technical/ field employees. This study employed descriptive, comparative, correlational and quantitative research design. A researcher devised questionnaire, was used to collect primary data from a sample of 114 respondents derived from a population of 132 technical/field employees, using a purposive sampling procedure. Generally, the finding have given out the details about either the job security or the employees performance in the selected NGO so that you can refer on them to diagnose clearly the problem and decide what next step. This security has a great impact on performance as they both move in the same direction. As a conclusion on this topic, it is better to valorize the manpower and ensure the job security for raising the employees performance. That is why as recommendation; the employees has to complain for their rights. Their superiors have to valorize them by fulfilling their attributions and satisfy their needs to help them improve their performance.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS 

DECLARATION A .................................................................................................................................... i 

DECLARATION B ................................................................................................................................... ii 

DEDICATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... iii 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ iv 

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. V 

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................................... X 

CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................................................... 1 

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE ........................................................................................................... 1 

1.1. Background of the study ............................................................................................................... 1 

1.1.1. Historical background of the study ........................................................................................... 1 

1.1.2. Theoretical background of the study ........................................................................................ 2 

1.1.3. Conceptual background of the study ........................................................................................ 3 

1.1.4. Contextual background of the study ........................................................................................ 6 

1.2. Statement of the Problem .................................................................................... ........................ 6 

1.3. Research Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 7 

1.4. Research questions ....................................................................................................................... 8 

1.5. Scope of the study ........................................................................................................................ 8 

1.5.1. Geographical scope .................................................................................................................... 8 

1.5.2. Time scope ................................................................................................................................. 8 

1.5.3. Content scope ............................................................................................................................. 9 

1.5.4. Theoretical scope ....................................................................................................................... 9 

1.6. Significance of the Study .............................................................................................................. 9 

1.7. Operational definitions of key terms .......................................................................................... 10 

CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................... 12 

THEORETICAL REVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 12 

2.0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 12 

2.1. The conceptual framework ......................................................................................................... 12 

2.2. Related literature ......................................................................................................................... 13 

2.3. Concepts, opinions and ideas from authors/ experts ............................................................... 14 

2.3.1. Concept of a NGO .................................................................................................................... 14 

2.3.2. Work motivation by Abraham Maslow .................................................................................... 14 

2.3.3. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs ................................................................................... 15 

2.3.4. Organizational reward systems by Maslow ............................................................................ 17 

2.4. Job security .................................................................................................................................. 18 

2.4.1. Job security and employee performance in NGOs ................................................................ 18 

2.4.2. Factors affecting the job security ........................................................................................... 18 

2.4.3. Measuring the job security ...................................................................................................... 19 

2.4.4. The job security score ............................................................................................................. 19 

2.5. The job security index ................................................................................................................. 19 

2.5.1. Contingent work ....................................................................................................................... 20 

2.5.2. Precarity .................................................................................................................................... 20 

2.5.3. Contract attorney ..................................................................................................................... 21 

2.5.4. Permatemp ............................................................................................................................... 21 

2.6. Job security strategies ................................................................................................................ 22 

2.7. Job security importance .............................................................................................................. 22 

2.8. Job insecurity and performance ................................................................................................. 23 

2.9. JOB SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................... 23 

2.9.1. Employee performance ............................................................................................................ 23 

2.9.2. Performance importance ......................................................................................................... 23 

2.9.3. Performance as impact of job security ................................................................................... 24 

2.9.4. Performance improvement techniques ................................................................................... 24 

2. 9.5. Performance and motivation theory ....................................................................................... 25 

2.10. FACTORS INFLUENCING POSffiVELY EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ...................................... 25 

2.11. FACTORS INFLUENCING NEGATIVELY EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE ..................................... 27 

2.11.1. Non-recognition of an employee's qualification ................................................................... 27 

2.11.2. Challenges faced by NGOs nowadays .................................................................................. 27 

2.11.3. Routine works ........................................................................................................................ 27 

2.11.4. Inappropriate human resource management ...................................................................... 28 

2.11.5. Lack of views & feelings expression ..................................................................................... 28 

2.11.6. Workplace conflict .................................................................................................................. 28 

2.11.7. Workplace bullying ................................................................................................................. 28 

2.11.8. Workplace stress and turn over ............................................................................................ 29 

2.11.9. Organizational conflict ........................................................................................................... 29 

2.11.10. Role conflict .......................................................................................................................... 30 

2.12. Theoretical Perspectives ........................................................................................................... 30 

2.13. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 31 

CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................. 32 

METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 32 

3.0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 32 

3.1. Research design .......................................................................................................................... 32 

3.2. Research Population .................................................................................................................... 33 

3.3. Sample Size .................................................................................................................................. 33 

Table 1: Respondents of the study ................................................................................................... 33 

3.4. Sampling procedure .................................................................................................................... 33 

3.5. Research instrument ................................................................................................................... 34 

3.6. Validity and reliability of the instrument.. .................................................................................. 34 

3. 7. Data gathering procedures ......................................................................................................... 34 

3.7.1. Before dispatching the questionnaires ................................................................................... 34 

3.7.2. During the administration of the questionnaires ................................................................... 35 

3.7.3. After the administration of the questionnaires ...................................................................... 35 

3.8. Data Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 35 

3.9. Ethical Considerations ................................................................................................................. 36 

3.10. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................. 36 

3.10.1. Extraneous variables .............................................................................................................. 36 

3.10.2. Attrition ................................................................................................................................... 37 

CHAPTER IV. ........................................................................................................................................ 38 

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA ...................................................... 38 

4.0. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 38 

4.1. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS ................................................................... 39 

Table 4.1.1: Gender analysis of the respondents ............................................................................ 39 

Table 4.1.2: Educational status of the respondents ........................................................................ 39 

Objective 1: Determining the job security average in the selected Rwandese local NGO ............ 40 

Table 4.3: The average of job security in the selected Rwandese local NGO ............................... 42 

Objective 2: Determining the level of employees' performance in the selected Rwandese local 

NGO ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 

Table 4.4: The average of employees' performance in the selected local NGO ............................ 44 

Objective 3: Examining if the selected NGO apply employees' performance improvement 

techniques ........................................................................................................................................... 47 

Table 4.5: The average of employee performance improvement techniques application ............ 47 

Objective 4: Establishing the relationship between the job security and employee performance 

in the selected NGO in Rwanda ......................................................................................................... 51 

Table 4.6: The relationship between job security and employee performance ............................. 52 

CHAPTER V .......................................................................................................................................... 55 

DISCUSSION, FINAL CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENTATION ....................................................... 55 

5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 55 

5.2. Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 55 

5.3 FINAL CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 57 

RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................................... 60 

REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................... 61