ABSTRACT
When solid waste is disposed of at landfills, it undergoes a combination of physical, chemical and microbial processes. These processes help to transform the waste into various water-soluble compounds termed (leachate) and transfer the pollutants from the refuse to the percolating water, leading to contamination of surrounding groundwater and surface water. Characterisations of the leachate originating from the Isale-Ijagba and Oke-Diya dumpsites (situated in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria) as well as evaluation of the pollution potential on the quality of the local aquifer were carried out.
The composite sampling method was employed and samples collected over a period of five weeks, parameters such as, Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), NH3–N, PO4–P, SO42−, Cl−, K+, Cd, Mn, Zn, Ni, Fe and Pb were determined using standard method for water and waste water analysis. And the data gotten analysed using Microsoft excel spreadsheet.
Mean concentration values for TDS, BOD, COD, NH4+, PO4+, SO4+ and Cl- are 493 and 534 mg/L; 1.50 and 1.08mg/L; 0.28 and 0.60 mg/L; 0.46 and 0.28 mg/L; 0.46 and 0.72 mg/L; 18.46 and 25.13 mg/L for the two monitoring wells respectively. The highest observed BOD5 and COD values were 319 and 846 mg/L; 525mg/L and 1105mg/L for Isale-ijagba and Oke-Diya leachate samples respectively. The mean concentration values for Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr- in groundwater samples are 2.81 and 1.39mg/L; 0.02 and 0.08mg/L; 0.22 and 0.21mg/L ; 0.61 and 0.61mg/L; 0.17 and 0.14mg/L and 0.11 and 0.09mg/L for Isale-Ijagba and Oke-Diya monitoring wells respectively.
The mean concentrations of all measured parameters except, Pb, Fe and Cr conform to the stipulated World Health Organization potable water standard and the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality.It was however observed that in the absence of a properly engineered landfill system, percolation of leachates into waterbodies could be deleterious in the very near future. The study recommends an upgrade of both landfill so as to guarantee adequate protection of both the surface and the groundwater resources in the locality.
Key words: Leachate, groundwater, metal, physico-chemical, Sagamu.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
ABSTRACT ii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENT vi-ix
LIST OF TABLES x
LIST OF FIGURES xi-xii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4
1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 5
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 DEFINITION OF WASTE 7
2.2 LANDFILL SITING IN SAGAMU 7
2.3 LEACHATE PRODUCTION 9
2.4 DEGREE OF WASTE DECOMPOSITION 10
2.5 LEACHATE COMPOSITION 11
2.5.1 POLLUTANTS IN LANDFILL LEACHATE 12
2.5.2 DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER 13
2.5.3 COD AND BOD 13
2.5.4 INORGANIC MICRO-COMPONENTS 16
2.5.5 HEAVY METALS 17
2.5.6 FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT LEACHATE COMPOSITION 20
2.6 MOVEMENT OF LEACHATE 20
2.6.1 DIFFUSIVE TRANSPORT 21
2.6.2 CONVECTIVE TRANSPORT 22
2.6.3 DISPERSIVE TRANSPORT 22
2.7 POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF LEACHATE 23
2.7.1 IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 23
2.7.2 IMPACT ON HUMAN HEALTH 24
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD 27
3.1 GEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA 27
3.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION 31
3.3 SAMPLE TREATMENT 31
3.4 FIXING OF DO 32
3.5 SAMPLE PREPARATION 33
3.5.1 HEAVY METALS DETERMINATION USING AAS 33
3.5.2 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID 33
3.5.3 ACIDITY DETERMINATION USING TITRIMETRIC METHOD 34
3.5.4 ALKALINITY DETERMINATION USING TITRIMETRIC METHOD 34
3.5.5 CHLORIDE DETERMINATION BY VOLUMETRIC METHOD 35
3.5.6 NITRATE DETERMINATION BY COLORIMETRIC METHOD 36
3.5.7 BOD DETERMINATION BY THE WRINKLER METHOD 36
3.5.8 TURBIDIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF SULPHATE 38
3.5.9 COD DETERMINATION BY TITRIMETRIC METHOD 38
3.6 ASCORBIC ACID DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHATE 39
3.6.1 pH DETERMINATION USING pH METER 40
3.6.2 ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY DETERMINATION 40
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41
4.1 LEACHATE CHARACTERIZATION AND BIODEGRADABILITY 42
4.2 HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF LANDFILL LEACHATE 47
4.3 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY 51
4.4 GROUNDWATER QUALITY 51
4.5 HEAVY METALS CONCENTRATION IN MONITORING WELLS 56
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY 63
5.1 CONCLUSION 63
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 63
REFERENCES 64
ABBREVIATIONS
AAS: ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
APHA: AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION
AWWA: AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
BOD: BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
B&L: BAUSCH LOMB
COD: CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
DO: DISSOLVED OXYGEN
EPA: ENVIRONMEMTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ISLE: ISALE-IJAGBA LEACHATE
ISMW: ISALE-IJAGBA MONITORING WELL
LE: LEACHATE
LGA: LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
MW: MONITORING WELL
NAFDAC: NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUGS ADMINISTRATION
CONTROL
NCS: NIGERIAN CUSTOM SERVICE
NSDQW: NATIONAL STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER QUALITY
OKLE: OKEDIYA LEACHATE
OKMW: OKEDIYA MONITORING WELL
TDS: TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLID
TOC: TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
USEPA: UNITED STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
UV-VIS SPEC: ULTRAVIOLET VISSIBLE SPECTROSCOPY
WGS: WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM
WHO: WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
WPCF: WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY
WW: WELL WATER
XOCs: XENOBIOTIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDs
Nwanma, C. (2018). LEACHATE COMPOSITION OF ISALE-IJAGBA AND OKE –DIYA DUMPSITES IN SAGAMU AND THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY.. Afribary. Retrieved from https://tracking.afribary.com/works/leachate-composition-of-isale-ijagba-and-oke-diya-dumpsites-in-sagamu-and-the-possible-environmental-impact-on-surface-and-groundwater-quality
Nwanma, Collins "LEACHATE COMPOSITION OF ISALE-IJAGBA AND OKE –DIYA DUMPSITES IN SAGAMU AND THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY." Afribary. Afribary, 13 Jun. 2018, https://tracking.afribary.com/works/leachate-composition-of-isale-ijagba-and-oke-diya-dumpsites-in-sagamu-and-the-possible-environmental-impact-on-surface-and-groundwater-quality. Accessed 07 Nov. 2024.
Nwanma, Collins . "LEACHATE COMPOSITION OF ISALE-IJAGBA AND OKE –DIYA DUMPSITES IN SAGAMU AND THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY.". Afribary, Afribary, 13 Jun. 2018. Web. 07 Nov. 2024. < https://tracking.afribary.com/works/leachate-composition-of-isale-ijagba-and-oke-diya-dumpsites-in-sagamu-and-the-possible-environmental-impact-on-surface-and-groundwater-quality >.
Nwanma, Collins . "LEACHATE COMPOSITION OF ISALE-IJAGBA AND OKE –DIYA DUMPSITES IN SAGAMU AND THE POSSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY." Afribary (2018). Accessed November 07, 2024. https://tracking.afribary.com/works/leachate-composition-of-isale-ijagba-and-oke-diya-dumpsites-in-sagamu-and-the-possible-environmental-impact-on-surface-and-groundwater-quality