Life After Tracheostomy: The Experiences of Adults in The Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

ABSTRACT

The use of a tracheostomy tube affects physical and psychosocial life resulting in reduced quality of life. The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of adults with a tracheostomy tube in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. The study used a qualitative exploratory, descriptive design. A purposive sampling method was used, and the data saturation was reached on the ninth participant. The data was analysed using thematic content analysis. Anonymity and confidentiality were ensured. The Thematic Concepts by Foster (2010) was used as a guide for the study. Eight major themes emerged: physical impact, physiological changes, social experiences, psychological experiences, economic constraints, communication dynamics, coping strategies, and support. All the participants experienced pain and impaired functions to carry out their activities of daily living after the surgery. There was difficulty in breathing, dysphagia and altered sense of smell. The adults had altered body image which altered their sexuality and affected their social participation.

There were reports of fear and anxiety, depression and suicidal ideations. The participants had challenges with employment due to reduced strength and difficulties with communication. The participants used “speaking valve” or the “finger occlusion method” to communicate and coped with challenges using strategies such as acceptance, resilience and relying on God. They also had physical, financial and social support from family and friends. The possible areas for future investigations identified included an exploration of the support systems for adults with a tracheostomy tube and the attitude of the public towards people living with a tracheostomy tube. It was recommended that the Ministry of Health should extend National Health Insurance Scheme to cover all the healthcare needs of these adults and provide a speaking valve for them at a subsidised cost. There should be counselling and rehabilitation for patients.