NGOs in Poverty Reduction among Internal Displaced Peoples (Idps) in Bossaso City Puntland, Somalia

ABSTRACT 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the None-Government Organisations (NGOs) intervention in poverty reduction or alleviation on Internal Displaced People (IDPs) living in Bossaso IDPs settlements. In gathering the information, the research study employed both primary and secondary sources. The primary source was mainly the distributed questionnaires, and the secondary sources were the library work and internet explorer. The study was used a case study as research design. The target population of the research was 1167 IDPs living in four settlements to serve as a sample. The four settlements were chosen from Eight IDPs settlements at Bossaso, Puntland state of Somalia purposively. However, in selecting the respondents, random sampling was employed. 48 out of 239 IDPs in Abow settlemens, 52 out of 263 IDPs in Ajuran settlement, 87 out of 439 IDPs in Boqolka Bush and, 45 out of 226 IDPs in Laantahawada were select to make the sample population. Tables and charts were used in organising the data, SPSS and excel application software were tools employed to analyse and interpreting the collected data. From the findings of the study, it was revealed that NGOs activities were highly focused on the areas of food security, hygiene and sanitation, and somehow, intervened health and education whereas gaps exist in areas of water, shelter and livelihoods improvement. Further more the findings pointed out that NGOs support programmes have not being implemented effective and efficient way. Finally the findings declared that there were no discriminations within the IDPs community on benefits of the NGOs activities. The study therefore, recommended NGOs to fill the existing gaps especially areas of water, shelter, and livelihoods and also should improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their supporting programmes aimed at poverty eradication in IDPs settlements.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

DECLARATION

APPROVAL

DEDICATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS viii

ABSTRACT ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Overview 1

1.1 Background of the Study 1

1.2 Statement of problem 5

1.3 Purpose ofthe Study 5

1.4 Research Objectives s

1.5 Research Questions 6

1.6 Scope ofthe Study 6

1.7 Significance of the Study 6

1.8 Summary 7

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Overview 8

2.1 Theoretical Framework 8

2.2 Conceptual Framework 10

2.3 Review of Related Literature ii

2.3.1 Theories of NGOs .1 1

2.3.2 Types ofNGOs functions 16

2.3.3 Concept of Poverty 20

2.3.4 Five theories of Poverty in Contemporary Literature 21

2.3.5 Poverty Lines 32

2.3.6 Absolute versus Relative Poverty 33

2.4 Summary 34

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0 Overview 35

3.1 Research Design 35

3.2 Research population 36

3.3 Sample and Sampling procedures 36

3.4 Research Instrument 37

3.4.1 Questionnaire 37

3.5 Validity and Reliability 37

3.5.1 Validity 37

3.5.2 Reliability 38

3.6 Data Analysis 38

3.7 Ethical Consideration 39

3.8 Limitations 40

3.9 Summary 40

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION

4.0 Overview 41

4.1 Background Information of the Respondents 41

4.2 Research Question One 43

4.3 Research Question Two 50

4.4 Research Question Three 55

4.5 Summary 59

CHAPTER FIVE

FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 Overview 60

5.1 Findings 60

5.2 Conclusions 65

5.3 Recommendations 67

5.4 Further Research 69

REFERENCES 70

APPENDICES 73

APPENDIX A: QUESTIONNAIRES 73

APPENDIX B: CALCULATIONS OF CONTENT VALIDITY INDEX 77

APPENDIX C: LETTER OF INTRODUCTORY 78

APPENDIX D: AREA MAP OF ORIGIN FOR IDPS IN BOSSASO 79