Organizational Management and Implementation of Public Policies in Somalia: A Case Study of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State

ABSTRACT The study sought to examine Organisational management and implementation of public policies in Somalia: A case study of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State. The study objectives were; to identify the effect of planning on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia, to establish effect of organizing on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia and to examine effect of leading on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia, effect of controlling on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. The study was based on institutional theory. The theory was developed by Powell and DiMaggio in 1991. The study followed a descriptive correlational research design. The qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed based on study topic. The quantitative technique was used to collect and analyze data on organisational management. The qualitative technique was based on the effect of implementation of public policies in Gardo, Puntland. The target population of 240 respondents. The sample size of the study consisted of 150 respondents of the target population. Data was collected from primary and secondary sources using questionnaires and interviews, and wellanswered questionnaire were organized into for meaningful interpretation by sorting and editing. The data was presented in tabular form, pie charts and bar graphs with frequencies and percentages. The study found out that (54.67%) were male while 45.33% were female respondents. This implies that most of the respondents were men due to societal beliefs that men are more hardworking and capable of handling organisational management with regard to implementation of public policies. The study concludes that public Policies result from decision made by Government and those decisions by the Government to do something are as much policy decision to do something. The study recommends that to maintain reliability and validity; the criteria and their measures must be unambiguous and they should be relatively straight forward and simple to measure.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION................................................................................................................................. i

APPROVAL ....................................................................................................................................... ii

DEDICATION................................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................. iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................... v

LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................. ix

ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER ONE................................................................................................................................. 1

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1

1.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 Background of the Study.........................................................................................................................1

1.1.1 Historical perspective...........................................................................................................................1

1.1.2 Theoretical Perspective ........................................................................................................................3

1.1.3 Conceptual Perspective ........................................................................................................................5

1.1.4 Contextual Perspective.........................................................................................................................6

1.2 Problem Statement..................................................................................................................................7

1.3 Purpose of the Study ...............................................................................................................................8

1.4 Objectives of the Study...........................................................................................................................8

1.6 Hypothesis...............................................................................................................................................9

1.7 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................................................9

1.7.1 Geographical Scope .............................................................................................................................9

1.7.2 Content Scope ......................................................................................................................................9

1.7.3 Time Scope ..........................................................................................................................................9

1.8 Significance of the Study ......................................................................................................................10

1.9. Operational Definitions........................................................................................................................11

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................. 12

LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................. 12

2.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................12

2.1 Theoretical Review ...............................................................................................................................12

2.2 Conceptual Framework.........................................................................................................................14

vi

2.3 Conceptual Review ...............................................................................................................................15

2.3.1 The Concept of Organisational Management ....................................................................................15

2.3.2 The Concept of Implementation of public policies............................................................................16

2.4 Related Studies......................................................................................................................................17

2.5 Research gap .........................................................................................................................................37

CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................... 39

METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 39

3.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................39

3.1 Research design ....................................................................................................................................39

3.2 Study population ...................................................................................................................................39

3.3 Sample size using Slovene’s formula ...................................................................................................40

3.4 Sampling methods.................................................................................................................................41

3.4.1 Purposive sampling............................................................................................................................41

3.4.2 Simple Random sampling ..................................................................................................................41

3.5 Data Sources..........................................................................................................................................41

3.6 Data collection instruments....................................................................................................................41

3.6.1 Questionnaire .....................................................................................................................................42

3.6.2 Interviews...........................................................................................................................................42

3.7 Validity and reliability of the instrument..............................................................................................42

3.7.1 Validity ..............................................................................................................................................42

3.7.2 Reliability...........................................................................................................................................43

3.8 Data collection procedure .....................................................................................................................43

3.9 Data Presentation ..................................................................................................................................43

3.10 Data analysis.......................................................................................................................................44

3.11 Ethical Considerations........................................................................................................................44

3.12 Limitations of the study ......................................................................................................................45

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................ 46

DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ................................................ 46

4. 0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................46

4.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents.................................................................................46

4.2 Findings on the extent of planning in the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in

Gardo, Puntland State .................................................................................................................................47

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4.3 Findings on the extent of organizing in the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in

Gardo, Puntland State .................................................................................................................................49

4.4 Findings on the extent of leading in the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in Gardo,

Puntland State .............................................................................................................................................51

4.5 Findings on the extent of controlling in the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation in

Gardo, Puntland State .................................................................................................................................53

4.6 Objective one; effect of planning on implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ...................................................................................55

4.7 Objective two; how organizing affects the implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning

and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ............................................................................56

4.9 Objective four; Effect of controlling on implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ...................................................................................59

CHAPTER FIVE.............................................................................................................................. 61

DISCUSSION, SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..... 61

5.0 Introduction...........................................................................................................................................61

5.1 Discussions of findings.........................................................................................................................61

5.1.1 Objective one; effect of planning on implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ...................................................................................61

5.1.2 Objective two; effect of organising on the implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning

and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ............................................................................61

5.1.4 Objective four; effect of controlling on implementation of public policies in Ministry of Planning

and International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State ............................................................................62

5.2. Summary of the Findings.....................................................................................................................62

5.3. Conclusions..........................................................................................................................................63

5.3.1 Effect of planning on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. ...................................................................63

5.3.2 Effect of organizing on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. ...................................................................64

5.3.3 Effect of leading on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and International

Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. ........................................................................................64

5.3.4 Effect of controlling on the implementation of public policies .........................................................64

5.5Recommendations..................................................................................................................................65

5.5.1 Effect of planning on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. ...................................................................65

5.5.2 Effect of organizing on the implementation of public policies of Ministry of Planning and

International Cooperation in Gardo, Puntland State, Somalia. ...................................................................65