Prevalence and Risk Factors of Severe Pneumonia Among Children Aged Below 5 Years at Jinja Referral Hospital

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION............................................................................................................................ i

APPROVAL .................................................................................................................................. ii

DEDICATION..............................................................................................................................iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................... iv

LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................viii

LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... ix

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................... x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................... xi

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................. xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background............................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Problem statement..................................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Significance of the study........................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Objectives of the study.............................................................................................................. 3

1.4.1 General objective ........................................................................................................... 3

1.4.2 Specific objectives......................................................................................................... 3

1.5 Conceptual frame work............................................................................................................. 3

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................ 4

2.1 Morbidity .................................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Mortality due to severe Pneumonia .......................................................................................... 5

2.3 Risk factors of under-five pneumonia....................................................................................... 6

2.3.1 Socio demographic characteristics................................................................................. 6

2.3.2. Environmental factors................................................................................................... 7

2.3.3 Co Morbidity.................................................................................................................. 8

2.3.4. Other factors.................................................................................................................. 8

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CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 10

3.1. Study design........................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 Study area................................................................................................................................ 10

3.3 Study population ..................................................................................................................... 10

3.4 Sample size determination ...................................................................................................... 10

3.5 Sampling procedures............................................................................................................... 10

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria.............................................................................................. 11

3.6.1Inclusion criteria ........................................................................................................... 11

3.6.2 Exclusion criteria. ........................................................................................................ 11

3.7 Variables of the study ............................................................................................................. 11

3.7.1 Dependent variable ...................................................................................................... 11

3.7.2 Independent variables .................................................................................................. 11

3.8 Data collection procedures...................................................................................................... 11

3.9 Data quality control and assurance management.................................................................... 11

3.10 Data Analysis procedures ..................................................................................................... 12

3.11 Ethical consideration............................................................................................................. 12

CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................... 13

PRESENTATION OF RESULTS ............................................................................................. 13

4.1 Socio demographic characteristics of the respondents ........................................................... 13

4.2. Environmental characteristics of the respondents.................................................................. 15

4.3 The prevalence of severe pneumonia among childrenaged 2 -59 months.............................. 16

4.4. Factors associated with severe pneumonia in under-five (02 -59 months) old children. ...... 17

CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................ 19

DISCUSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................. 19

5.1 Discussion............................................................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Prevalence of severe Pneumonia ................................................................................. 19

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5.1.2 Risk factors of severe pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months ........................ 19

5.2 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 21

5.3 Recommendation .................................................................................................................... 21

REFERENCES............................................................................................................................ 22

APPENDICES............................................................................................................................. 26

APPENDIX I: INFORMED CONSENT .................................................................................. 26

APPENDIX II: QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................................................................... 27

APPENDIX III: MAP OF UGANDA SHOWING JINJA DISTRICT.................................. 32