Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Trichuris trichiura among Patients Attending Health Care at AL-Shifa Health Centre in Yaqshid, District

ABSTRACT

Trichuris trichiura, also known as the human whipworm, is a roundworm that causes trichuriasis in humans. It is referred to as the whipworm because it looks like a whip with wide handles at the posterior end. The main objective of this study was to determine prevalence and risk factors associated with Trichuris trichiura among patients attending health care at AL-Shifa Health Center in Yaqshid, District. During this study, 100 stool samples were examined, which were collected from patients of both sexes and under five age children in Al shifa Health Center At Yaqshid district in Mogadishu , Somalia , from each patient approximately 10g of fresh stool was taken, The stool samples were examined with the naked eyes (physical examination) before microscopically examination, for color, consistency and the presence of mucus and blood and examined microscopically by direct method for presence of Ascaris lumbricoides. The study shows the majority of stool samples 66%(42) were Trichuris trichiura, 17%(11) were Ascarislumbricoides, 9%(6)were Giardia lamblia, 8%(5) were Hymenolapis nana , respectively, the majority of stool sample 66 %( 55) were taken from female, while 34%( 9) were taken from male, The majority of patient samples were 86%(55) of patient stool samples were female , the parasites of patient stool sample were 58%(37)Trichuristrichuira13%(8) Ascarislumbricoides, 6%(4)Hymenolepis nana, 9%(6)Giardia lambliawhile 14%(09) of patient stool samples were males ,the parasites patient stool samples were 8%(5)Trichuristrichuira,5%(3)Ascarislumbricoides, 1%(1)Hymenolepis nana, the source of water of the patients that used as a drink water was 94%(60) Tap water, the parasites that found in this source of water were 62%(40) Trichuris Trichuira ,8%(5) Hymenolepis nana, 16%(10) Ascarislumbricoides and 08%(05),Giardia lamblia , 0%(0) boiling water , there is no parasites in patients that used in this source of water, 0%(0) Cafi Water, there is no parasite in patients that used this source and 6%(4) other source, the parasite that found in this source of water was 3%(2) Trichuris Trichuira , 1.5%(1),Giardia lamblia, 1.5%(1) Ascarislumbricoides the patients that washed their hands with soap after defecation was 77%(49)every time, the parasites that found in this patient were 52%(33) Trichuris trichuira , 14%(9) Ascarislumbricoides, 6%(4)Hymenolepis nana , 5%(3)Giardia lamblia cyst, 20%(13)sometimes, the parasites that found in this patients were 13%(8) Trichuris trichuira

1.5%(1)Hymenolepis nana ,3%(2) Giardia lamblia cyst and 3%(2)never, the parasites that found in this patients were 1.5%(1) Trichuris trichuira and 1.5%(1) Giardia lamblia cyst ,the patients that eat unwashed fruits ,100%(64) ate unwashed fruits , the parasites of patients that ate unwashed fruits were 66%(42)TrichurisTrichuira, 17%(11) Ascarislumbricoides, 8%(5) Hymenolepis nana , 9%(6)Giardia lamblia , the patients according to sucking fingers were 3%(2)suck fingers , the parasites of patients that suck their fingers were 1.5%(1) Trichuris trichuira, 1.5%(1) Ascarislumbricoides , and 97%(62) don’t suck finger, the parasites of patients that don’t suck their fingers were 64%(41) Trichuris trichuira 16%(10) Ascarislumbricoides , 8%(5) Hymenolepis nana, , 9%(6)Giardia lamblia. The study recommended to examine the stool samples Using concentration technique instead of direct method if the facility is available or mix more saline the sample to confirm the reliability of the diagnoses because eggs of the STH is seen clearly if present, and use other techniques such as culture techniques and PCR techniques.

Table of Contents

DECLARATION

APPROVAL SHEET

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

ABSTRACT 

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES

Chapter One: Introduction 

1.1 Background of study 

1.2 Problem statement 

1.3 Significance of study 

1.4 Research Objective 

1.4.1 General Objective

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

1.5 Research Question 

1.6 Scope of the study 

1.7 Definition of importance terms 

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 

2.0 Introduction 

2.1 The parasite 

2.2 The Adult worm T. Trichiura 

2.3 The larvae Stage of T.Trichiura 

2.4 The Eggs 

2.5 Life cycle 

2.6 Pathogenesis 

2.7 Laboratory diagnosis 

2.8 Transmission of Trichuristrichiura (Whipworms) 

2.9 Treatment /management 

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Study Design 

3.2 Study Area

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with trichuris trichiura among Patients

Attending Health Care at AL-Shifa Health Centre in Yaqshid, District Mogadishu University Faculty of Health Sciences/Medical Laboratory Sciences

3.3 Study Population

3.4 Sampling frame 

3.4.1 Inclusion Criteria

3.4.2 Exclusion Criteria

3.5 Sampling technique

3.6 Sample size

3.7 Type of Research Data 

3.8 Sample collection 

3.9 Data Collection Tools

3.9.1 Materials

3.10 Analysis of Samples 

3.10.1 Macroscopic Examination 

3.10.2 Microscopic Examination

3.10 Limitations of the study

3.11 Ethical consideration 

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS

4.0 Introduction 

4.1 Distribution of stool samples infected patients of total examined stool Samples

according to the weeks of the study

4.2 screening of stool samples

4.3 Distribution of stool sample of total examined according to gender

4.3 Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number of positive parasites according to the gender of the patient 

4.4 Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to the age

4.5: Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number of positive parasites according to age group of patients 

4.6: Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to source of drinking water

4.7: Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number of positive parasites according to source of drinking water 

4.8: Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to Hand washing with soap before a meal 

4.9: Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number. Of positive parasites according Hand washing with soap before a meal 

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with trichuris trichiura among Patients

Attending Health Care at AL-Shifa Health Centre in Yaqshid, District Mogadishu University Faculty of Health Sciences/Medical Laboratory Sciences

4.10: Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to Hand washing with soap after defecation 

4.11 Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number. Of positive parasites according to the Hand washing with soap after defecation 

4.12 Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to eating unwashed fruits 

4.13 Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number. Of positive parasites according to eating unwashed fruits 

4.14 Distribution of stool samples of total examined according to sucking fingers

4.15 Distribution of stool samples among total examined and number of positive parasites according to sucking fingers 

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion 

5.2 Recommendations 

REFERENCES 

APPENDIXES 

APPENDIX I: 

APPENDIX I1: 

APPENDIX I11: