Residential Domestic Solid Waste Collection Processer In An Urban Area: The Case Of Greater Khartoum

Abstract

As one of the major reasons causing ecological deterioration is absence or improper treatment of daily produced solid wastes from households in Khartoum state. For these solid wastes hasn`t received, and till now in Sudan, the proper solutions addressing transportation from their sources of production to be hygienically disposed in the allocated areas for this purpose.This study aims at cleansing the state according to the modern sanitary methods adopting the best methods and technologies for solid waste storage, collection and transportation towards the final disposal of the collected wastes. Also, the study aims at laying certain specifications for to support solid waste collection, transportation and final disposal. Besides providing the minimum of human workforce, machinery and working capital for the project and all other activities in line of towns sanitation. Raising of the environmental awareness among citizens is another aim of this study . in addition to formulation of plans and accurate scientific programs to ensure service sustainability in correct manner with training programs provided to the working labour in order to cope with the sanitary level of modern towns and public health requirements. The study supports records keeping and conduction of more studies for further improvement of sanitary level and investing in solid wastes to encourage the private to join this field. The study adopted the research methodology to realize the above aims depending upon references , textbooks , newspapers , magazines , periodicals , websites and field visits that are accompanied by photographing, report writing and interviews for the field applied study viewing the solid waste collection at the house hold level.

Also, a survey through questionnaire in household squares was conducted during the above mentioned field visits to investigate dwelling reality inside households and neighborhoods of municipal solid waste collection. The questionnaires were distributed among 83 individuals for each province of Khartoum three provinces and the obtained primary data were analyzed accordingly using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program, then Key Performance Indicaters System (KPIS) and computer modeling were used to reach the most important result of the this study which is that the solid waste material produced in Khartoum state consists mainly of reusable materials such as organic materials , metal , glass , ragged clothes ,plastic , wood and bones. The total quantity of solid waste material produced in the state is 995358. 5 ton/year with production rate of 4000. 2 gm for person a day. Also, it was revealed that the organic materials are dominant in the municipal solid waste in Khartoum state. Most of citizens in the study area (83. 3%) depend on the waste vehicle for disposing the solid waste adopting house-to-house method beside some waste containers scattered all over the neighborhoods Also, the house solid waste containers don’t obey the hygienic pre-requisites as they are mostly opened for flies and subjected to dispersal of their contents. In order to remove solid waste accumulation in Khartoum state , the negative phenomena should be controlled as its confirmed by the prevalent ecological, hygienic and managerial indicators ( flies density , stench odours , stagnation of solid wastes in their containers, transportation time, safe disposal , commitment of citizens to service fare and reduced complaints ).In absence of solid waste collection and sorting program, recycling of municipal solid waste is not found in Khartoum state and that is greatly attributed to absence of real market for recycling products besides, there is no program for recycling the organic waste using it as fertilizers even these operations have crucial economic , hygienic and ecological importance.

The improper management of the municipal solid wastes will lead to deterioration of the public hygiene of the community and pollution of water, air and soil. So, the main reason behind managing and controlling solid waste collection and disposal is the maintenance of the public health and hygiene of the community and this is the main aim of the study.