Review of the Bacterial Contaminant Associated with Poultry Excrement

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Content                                                                             Pages

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       Introduction                                                                                                                1                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

CHAPTER TWO

2.0       Salmonella in poultry excrement                                                                                4

2.1       Background on Salmonella                                                                                         4

2.2       Prevalence of Salmonella in Poultry Excrement                                                         4

2.3       Routes of Contamination                                                                                            5

2.4       Health Impacts of Salmonella Contamination                                                            7

2.5       Control and Prevention Strategies                                                                              8

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       Campylobacter in poultry excrement                                                                          16           

3.1       Background on Campylobacter                                                                                  16

3.2       Prevalence of Campylobacter in Poultry Excrement                                                  17

3.3       Transmission Routes                                                                                                   18

3.4       Health Risks Associated with Campylobacter Contamination                                   21

3.5       Mitigation Measures and Control Strategies                                                              22

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0       Escherichia coli in Poultry Excrement                                                                        25     

4.1       Background on Escherichia coli                                                                                 25

4.2       Prevalence of Escherichia coli in Poultry Excrement                                                 26

4.3       Modes of Transmission                                                                                               27

4.4       Public Health Implications of Escherichia coli Contamination                                  31

4.5       Control and Management Approaches                                                                       33

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0       Review on the control and tolerance of Bacteria Contaminants in

Poultry Excrement.                                                                                                     36

5.1       Importance of poultry waste management in maintaining environmental

            Sustainability and public health                                                                                  36

5.2       Control Methods for Contaminated Poultry Excrement                                            37

5.3       Technological Advancements in Controlling Contaminated Poultry Excrement       40

5.4.      Evaluation of Effectiveness in Controlling and Treating Contaminated Poultry Excrement                                                                                                                   42

References                                                                                                                              46