Right to Clean and Healthy Environment for Women Prisoners in Luzira Prison

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... ii

APPROVAL BY SUPERVISOR ................................................................................................ iii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................. .iv

ACKNOWELEGMENTS ............................................................................................................. v

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... x

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... xi

LIST OF CASES ......................................................................................................................... xii

LIST OF STATUTES USED .................................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER ONE ................................................ , ........................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Background of the study ........................................................................................................ 1

1.2 State1nent of the proble1n ....................................................................................................... 3

1.3 Research objectives ................................................................................................................ 3

13.1 General objective ................................................................................................................. 3

1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 3

1.5 Significance ofthe study ........................................................................................................ 4

1.6 Scope ofthe study .................................................................................................................. 4

1.6.1 Geographical scope ............................................................................................................. 4

1.6.2 Content scope ...................................................................................................................... 5

1.7 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 5

1. 8 Literature review .................................................................................................................... 6

1.8 .1 Concept of Envirom11ent ..................................................................................................... 6

vi

1.8.2 Related Literature ................................................................................................................ 6

1.9 Chapterization ...................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.1 Chapter One: ..................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.2 Chapter Two ...................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.3 Chapter Three .................................................................................................................... l3

1.9.4 Chapter Four ..................................................................................................................... 13

1.9.5 Chapter Five ..................................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER TW0 ................................................................................................................... < ..... 14

ANALYSIS OF THE LAW ON RIGHT TO CLEAN AND HEAL THY ENVIRONMENT

IN UGANDA ................................................................................................................................ 14

2.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 14

2.1 The 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda .............................................................. 14

2.2 The prison Act 2006 .................................. ; .......................................................................... 15

2.3 The National Environment ACT .......................................................................................... 16

2.4 The Water Act. ..................................................................................................................... 18

2.5 The Penal Code Act ............................................................................................................. 19

2.6 The occupational Health and Safety .................................................................................... 19

2.7 Intemationallegal framework .............................................................................................. 20

2.7.1 The African Charter (African Women Protocol) .............................................................. 21

2.7.2 The European convention of human rights (ECHR) ......................................................... 21

2.7.3 According to UN committee on ESCR (economic, social and cultural rights) ................ 22

2.7.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 22

CIIAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 24

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LAW ON THE RIGHT TO A CLEAN AND

HEAl,THY ENVIRONMENT IN UGANDA ........................................................................... 24

vii

3.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 24

3.1 Efficiency of the legal framework on controlling pollution in Uganda ............................... 24

3.2. Action against pollution on wetlands .................................................................................. 24

3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment. ..................................................................................... 25

3.4 Public Interest Litigation ...................................................................................................... 26

3.5 Inadequate or nonexistent laws in certain areas ................................................................... 26

3.6 The National Enviromnent Act ............................................................................................ 27

3. 7 Environmental Inspection .................................................................................................... 28

3.8 Environmental monitoring ................................................................................................... 28

3.9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 29

CHAPTER FOUR ........................................................................................................................ 30

THE EFFECT OF POOR SANITATION ON WOMEN IN PRISON ................................... 30

4.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 30

4.1 In1nate health ........................................................................................................................ 30

4.2 Prison health conditions and impacts ................................................................................... 32

4.3 Prison Overcrowding ........................................................................................................... 34

4.4 Mistreatment ofPrison~rs .................................................................................................... 35

4.5 Efforts to improve Prison conditions ................................................................................... 35

4.6 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 36

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 37

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. 37

5.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 37

5.1 Findings ................................................................................................................................ 37

5.2 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 38

5.3 Reconunendations ................................................................................................................ 39

5.3.1 To the Goven11nent ........................................................................................................... 39