RIGHTS OF DISABLED AND ALBINOS A MYTH OR A REALITY. A CASE STUDY OF MARA REGION IN TANZANIA

TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION ........................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL BY SUPERVISOR .................................................................................................. ii

DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................. iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................................... iv

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. v

LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................. viii

LIST OF LEGISLATIONS .......................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xi

CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ......................................................................................... 3

1.3 PURPOSE .................................................................................................................................. 3

1.4 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ....................................................................................................... 3

1.6 HYPOTHESES ........................................................................................................................... 4

1.7 SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.8 SIGNIFICANCE ........................................................................................................................ 4

1.9 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................................. 5

2. 0 Related studies ........................................................................................................................... 8

2.1 Social Stigmatization and Discrimination ................................................................................. 8

2.2 Albinos Gender Based sexual Assaults against Albinos ......................................................... 10

2.3 Albinos Massacre ..................................................................................................................... 11

3.0 Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 12

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 12

3 .1. Research design ...................................................................................................................... 12

3.2. Study area ............................................................................................................................... 12

3 .3. Research instrument ................................................................................................................ 12

3 .3 .1. Observation .......................................................................................................................... 12

3.3.2 Docuinentation ...................................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Data analysis and processing ................................................................................................... 13

3 .5 Lilnitation of the study ............................................................................................................. 13

1.10 SYNOPSIS OF DISSERTATION ......................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................... 13

CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER FOUR ......................................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER FIVE ........................................................................................................................... 14

CHAPTER TWO ......................................................................................................................... 15

LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE RIGHTS OF ALBINOS IN MARA REGION IN TANZANIA ........................................................................ 15

4. 0 The Constitutional Protection of Persons with Albinism ....................................................... 15

4.1 Article 16(1) of the Constitution .............................................................................................. 16

4.2 Persons with Disability Act, 2010 ........................................................................................... 16

4.3 The Penal Code of the Republic of Tanzania .......................................................................... 17

4.4 The Law of the Child Act, 2009 .............................................................................................. 17

4.5 Disabled Persons Care and Maintenance Act.. ........................................................................ 18

4.6 INTERNATIONAL LAW ON PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF ALBINOS ........................ 18

4.7 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) ...................................................................... 18

4.8 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1966 .............................. .20

4.9 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Right ................................... .20

CHAPTER THREE ..................................................................................................................... 28

3.0 ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONS IN PROTECTION OF ALBINOS IN TANZANIA ......... 28

3.1 The Role of the Judiciary ......................................................................................................... 31

3.2 The Role of Police Force ......................................................................................................... 31

3.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 34

CHAPTER FOUR ....................................................................................................................... 35

ANALYZING THE LAW CONCERNING PROTECTION OF ALBINOS: THE

DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE THEORY AND PRACTICE .................................................. 35

4.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 35

4.1 The Constitutional Protection of Persons with Albinism ........................................................ 35

4.2 Persons with Disability Act, 2010 ........................................................................................... 38

4.3 The Penal Code of the Republic of Tanzania .......................................................................... 39

4.4 The Law of the Child Act, 2009 ............................................................................................. .41

4.5 Disabled Persons Care and Maintenance Act ......................................................................... .42

CHAPTER FIVE ......................................................................................................................... 44

5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE STUDY FINDINGS ············································· 44

5.1 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 44

5.2 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 44

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................................... 44

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 48 

ABSTRACT 

The focus of the study was on the critical analysis of rights of albinos in Mara reg1011 111 Tanzanian, the distinction between the theory and practice. The findings shows that In Tanzania, albino organs, particularly genitals, limbs, breasts, fingers and the tongue are reportedly on high demand by people involved in mining and fishing activities in the Lake Victoria Zone, especially Mwanza, Shinyanga and Mara regions. This is due to the rumors that the albino organs possess mystical powers that can make a person fabulously rich within a sh01i time. The Constitution of Tanzania from Article 12 to 26 provides for the bill of rights. Equality as presented under this article does not exclude Albino people. Albino people are also human beings hence are also born free and are equal to other human beings. The government of Tanzania has to take st1ingent measures to protect persons with albinism, the President's directive to conduct a nation-wide campaigns on collecting people's opinions about the alleged perpetrators, fast-tracking of criminal investigations and prosecutions of perpetrators , drawing up lists all over the country, banning temporary licenses for witchdoctors who are also suspected to be the source of such brutal killing, nomination of one member of the parliament who is also an albino through special seats arrangement and identifying a boarding school for children with albinism. The study concludes that although there are legal provisions aimed at protecting and promoting human rights of all citizens in Tanzania, these provisions have not been implemented effectively to curb the killing of Albino people.