Risk Factors For Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) Following Laparotomy For Abdominal Emergencies At The Korle- Bu Teaching Hospital

ABSTRACT

Background: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity, cost, prolonged hospital stay, and greater than 50% mortality rate in abdominal surgery. Among abdominal procedures, open surgical technique has the highest risk of postoperative AKI as compared to the laparoscopic approach. Postoperative AKI is a common condition in laparotomy patients. In patients with emergency abdominal conditions, laparotomy offers the only chance for cure. Various complications (such as pneumonia, wound infection, deep vein thrombosis, and impaired renal function) occur in these patients. However, the risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and its effects on the clinical outcomes at the KorleBu Teaching Hospital are not well understood. There is therefore the need to collate data

General Aim: To determine the incidence and risk factors of postoperative AKI following laparotomy for abdominal emergencies in patients with previously normal renal function at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital.

Methodology: This was a prospective cohort study that was carried out on 200 patients undergoing emergency (100 patients) and elective (100 patients) laparotomy following abdominal emergencies at the surgical department of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital from June 2015 to June 2016 with a mean age of (41± 17.41) years. Five (5) mls of venous blood sample was drawn from each patient pre and post operation. Serum urea, nitrogen and creatinine were determined by modified Jaffe reaction method using Pentra C200 auto analyzer. Serum Potassium, Chloride and Sodium levels were determined using a flow technique by an Idexx VetLyte electrolyte auto analyzer. Full blood count was determined by an automated Mindary BC-6800 haematology analyzer