Serum Electrolyte Changes Associated With Kidney And Liver Function Markers In Hiv-Infected Individuals Attending Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching And Referral Hospital, Kisumu County, Kenya

ABSTRACT

Serum electrolytes disorders in HIV patients in addition to resulting from disease induced

fluids losses or accumulation could be attributed to a wide range of structural defects of

cellular apparatus, tissue or organs of regulation. Most routine clinical investigation of

impaired serum electrolytes in HIV infection limit attribution to body fluids charges and to

primary organs of regulations. Such investigations do not address the likelihood of

existence of multiple regulatory organs defects, the contribution of secondary regulatory

organs and of non elemental electro chemical forces in establishing observed serum

electrolytes states in HIV infection. This study investigated the association of electrolytes

levels with kidney and liver functions in HIV infection in order to explore the extent of

contribution of the renal and gastrointestinal primary regulatory organs to existing serum

electrolytes disorders in light of the extended range of HIV impact on multiple organs of

electrolytes regulation. This was a hospital based cross sectional study enrolling

consecutive attendants of the PSC at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral

Hospital. 800 HIV-infected and 406 seronegative controls were enrolled. Biochemical

analysis was done of serum levels of major electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-), markers of

kidney function (creatinine and urea) and liver pathology (bilirubin, albumin, total protein

and enzymes) and related body fluids parameters (osmolality and pressure). Frequency

counts and measures of central tendency and dispersion around normal reference values

were used to assess the distribution of analytes in the population. Associations of HIV

status, CD4 count, ARV use, age and gender with electrolytes and fluid parameters were

tested using, t-tests and Chi-square and regression logistics (r and r2) and significance

levels assigned using α = 0.05. Female gender, increasing age and CD4

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